Guía para el diseño de programas de intervención en población con obesidad: Documento de Posicionamiento del Grupo Ejercicio Físico de la Sociedad Española de Estudio de la Obesidad (SEEDO) (Guide for designing intervention programs for populations with obesity: Positioning Document by the Physical Exercise Group of the Spanish Society for the Study of Obesity (SEEDO))

Autores/as

  • Felipe Isidro Donate Instituto Internacional Ciencias Ejercicio Físico y Salud (IICEFS) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7345-6522
  • Antonio Jesús Sanchez-Oliver Universidad de Sevilla https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9022-6043
  • Pedro J. Benito LFE Research Group, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1631-8182
  • Juan Ramon Heredia Elvar Facultad Ciencias Actividad Física y Deporte, universidad Alfonso X el Sabio. Madrid. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0840-0944
  • Walter Suárez-Carmona Universidad Pablo Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
  • Javier Butragueño LFE Research Group, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5311-0911

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v50.99282

Palabras clave:

Posicionamiento, Ejercicio Físico, Obesidad, Planificación, Entrenamiento, Prescripción

Resumen

El presente documento de posicionamiento del grupo de trabajo de ejercicio físico de la Sociedad Española de Estudios de la Obesidad tiene como objetivo establecer pautas claras para el diseño y aplicación de programas de ejercicio en población con obesidad. En el primer apartado, se identifican las limitaciones respecto a la investigación en intervención con programas de actividad física y ejercicio en población con obesidad, lo que justifica la necesidad de establecer un marco claro para la planificación y programación del entrenamiento en esta población. En el segundo apartado, se aborda la planificación del programa de ejercicio. En este sentido, se presentan los objetivos y procesos operativos en la planificación del programa, que incluyen desde la valoración del paciente con obesidad y la clasificación del nivel del paciente. Posteriormente, el posicionamiento se centra en la programación del entrenamiento estableciendo las pautas para la temporalización de los ciclos de intervención. el diseño de las sesiones de entrenamiento y los criterios generales para la selección de ejercicios, la frecuencia semanal, el volumen, la intensidad, la recuperación intrasesión y la organización y distribución de los ejercicios. El siguiente apartado se centra en las indicaciones y contraindicaciones (absolutas y relativas) de la actividad física y el ejercicio en pacientes con obesidad, lo que permite identificar las situaciones en las que es necesario extremar las precauciones y ajustar el programa de intervención. Por último, en el apartado de perspectivas de futuro en las intervenciones en obesidad y ejercicio, se destaca la importancia de la investigación continua en el área del ejercicio físico y la obesidad, incluyendo las nuevas tecnologías aplicadas al entrenamiento y los efectos del ejercicio junto con el tratamiento farmacológico. En definitiva, el documento de posicionamiento presentado constituye una guía esencial para los profesionales de la salud en el diseño y aplicación de programas de actividad física y ejercicio en población con obesidad.

Palabras clave: Actividad Física, Valoración, Carga, Planificación, Prescripción, Entrenamiento.

Abstract. The aim of this position statement paper of the exercise working group of the Spanish Society for the Study of Obesity (SEEDO for its initials in Spanish) aims to establish clear guidelines for the design and application of exercise programs in the obese population. In the first section, we identify the limitations regarding intervention research with physical activity and exercise programs in the obese population, which justifies the need to establish a clear framework for the planning and programming of training in this population. In the second section, the planning of the exercise program is addressed. In this sense, the objectives, and operative processes in the planning of the program are presented, which include the assessment of the patient with obesity and the classification of the patient's level. Subsequently, the positioning focuses on the training programming, establishing the guidelines for the timing of the intervention cycles, the design of the training sessions and the general criteria for the selection of exercises, weekly frequency, volume, intensity, intrasession recovery and the organization and distribution of the exercises. The following section focuses on the indications and contraindications (absolute and relative) of physical activity and exercise in patients with obesity, which allows us to identify the situations in which it is necessary to take extreme precautions and adjust the intervention program. Finally, in the section on future perspectives on obesity and exercise interventions, the importance of continuous research in the area of physical exercise and obesity is highlighted, including new technologies applied to training and the effects of exercise together with pharmacological treatment. In short, the position paper presented is an essential guide for health professionals in the design and implementation of physical activity and exercise programs in the obese population.

Keywords: Physical Activity, Assessment, Load, Periodization, Prescription, Training.

Citas

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2023-09-15

Cómo citar

Donate , F. I. ., Sanchez-Oliver, A. J., Benito, P. J., Heredia Elvar, J. R. ., Suárez-Carmona, W., & Butragueño , J. . (2023). Guía para el diseño de programas de intervención en población con obesidad: Documento de Posicionamiento del Grupo Ejercicio Físico de la Sociedad Española de Estudio de la Obesidad (SEEDO) (Guide for designing intervention programs for populations with obesity: Positioning Document by the Physical Exercise Group of the Spanish Society for the Study of Obesity (SEEDO)). Retos, 50, 33–49. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v50.99282

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Revisiones teóricas sistemáticas y/o metaanálisis