El deporte en el contexto militar: Un análisis nacional e internacional desde la perspectiva de la gestión deportiva (Sport in the military context: A national and international analysis from the perspective of sport management)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v49.99280Palabras clave:
Gestión deportiva, desarrollo deportivo, deporte y vida activa, deportistas militares, deporte militar, paz mundialResumen
La práctica regular de deporte es hoy en día plenamente aceptada como condición para una vida más activa y la adopción de hábitos saludables, así como para un bienestar físico y emocional equilibrado, asumiendo mayor relevancia en el contexto militar y en el de la paz mundial entre las naciones donde la condición física y psicológica asume especial importancia. La investigación tuvo como objetivo explorar el deporte militar, analizando sus principales características internacionales, así como identificar el perfil sociodemográfico de los militares pertenecientes a las Fuerzas Armadas portuguesas, analizar sus hábitos de práctica deportiva y su opinión sobre el desarrollo del deporte militar en Portugal. Metodológicamente, es un estudio cuantitativo-descriptivo de carácter exploratorio, en que además de la pesquisa de diversos documentos oficiales, se aplicó un cuestionario al personal militar sobre hábitos deportivos, habiéndose obtenido 566 respuestas válidas. Los resultados muestran un elevado número de países miembros (n=140) en la organización del deporte militar internacional, así como modalidades deportivas desarrolladas (n=38) y participantes en los eventos celebrados, en contraste con una participación portuguesa poco significativa. Los motivos principales son: (a) insuficiente apoyo a los deportistas; b) infraestructuras que no ofrecen las mejores condiciones de entrenamiento; y c) insuficiente reconocimiento por parte de las instituciones militares. Con respecto a los hábitos deportivos, se constató que 19,6% no practica ninguna actividad deportiva. Concluimos que, a pesar del interés por participar en eventos deportivos militares, los militares portugueses señalan la necesidad de una mayor inversión y promoción para fomentar su participación. La necesidad de una mayor apertura de las propias instituciones militares es otra de las razones mencionadas para potenciar sus condiciones de formación y reconocer el potencial del deporte militar.
Palabras clave: Gestión deportiva, desarrollo deportivo, deporte y vida activa, deportistas militares, deporte militar.
Abstract. The regular practice of sport is today fully accepted as a condition for a more active life and healthier habits, as well as for a balanced physical and emotional well-being, assuming greater relevance in the military context and in the world peace between nations, where physical and psychological preparedness assumes special importance. The research aimed to explore military sport by analysing its main international characteristics, as well as to identify the socio-demographic profile of military personnel in the Portuguese Armed Forces, their sports practice habits and opinion about the development of military sport in Portugal. Methodologically, it is a quantitative-descriptive study of an exploratory nature, in which, in addition to the research of several official documents, a questionnaire was applied to military personnel about their sportive habits, obtaining 566 valid answers. The results show a high number of member countries (n=140) in the organisation of international military sport, as well as sport disciplines developed (n=38) and participants in the events held, contrasting with a not very significant Portuguese participation. The main reasons are: (a) insufficient support for athletes; (b) infrastructures that do not offer the best training conditions; and (c) insufficient recognition by military institutions. Regarding the sport routines, it was found that 19.6% do not practice any physical activity at all. We conclude that despite the interest in participating in military sporting events, the portuguese military personnel reported the need for greater investment and promotion to encourage their participation. The need for greater openness from the military institutions themselves is another of the reasons mentioned for strengthening their training conditions and recognising the potential of military sport.
Keywords: Sport management, sports development, sport and active life, military athletes, military sport.
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