Foco de atención consciente y habilidades deportivas. Análisis de las principales líneas de investiga-ción experimental (Conscious focus of attention and sports skills. Analysis of the main lines of experimental research)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v51.97677Palabras clave:
foco consciente, habilidades deportivas, evidencia experimental, crítica metodológicaResumen
El trabajo gira en torno a la siguiente pregunta dentro de las áreas de psicología y filosofía del deporte. Cuando un deportista está en plena acción, ¿le resulta beneficioso enfocarse de manera consciente en la ejecución de sus habilidades o le conviene ejecutarlas de manera inconsciente? Esta pregunta ha generado cierta controversia en el área, con la filósofa Barbara Montero defendiendo una posición fuertemente inclinada hacia el procesamiento consciente. Para intentar arrojar luz sobre la controversia, analizamos los resultados de las dos principales líneas de investigación experimental sobre el tema, una liderada por Sian Beilock y la otra por Gabriele Wulf. En cada caso, presentamos y analizamos las críticas metodológicas que realiza Montero a dichos paradigmas experimentales. Así, siguiendo un enfoque de tipo cualitativo, utilizamos una metodología interpretativa para analizar los argumentos y la evidencia experimental del área. A partir de nuestro análisis, buscamos extraer consejos prácticos acerca de qué focos de atención parecen resultar beneficiosos (y cuáles no) para el desempeño deportivo.
Palabras clave: foco consciente, habilidades deportivas, evidencia experimental, crítica metodológica.
Abstract. This work centered on the following question within the areas of psychology and philosophy of sports. When athletes are in action, is it beneficial for them to focus consciously on exercising their skills or is it better to do this unconsciously? This issue has caused some controversy in the area, with philosopher Barbara Montero defending a strong position in favor of conscious processing. In order to shed some light on this, we analyzed the results of the two main lines of experimental research on this topic, one of them led by Sian Beilock and the other, by Gabriele Wulf. In every case, we presented and evaluated the methodological criticism made by Montero to each experimental paradigm. Thus, by following a qualitative approach, we applied an interpretative methodology to explore arguments and experimental evidence from the area. Through our analysis, we tried to provide practical advice on which focuses of attention are beneficial (and which are not) for sports performance.
Keywords: conscious focus; sports skills; experimental evidence; methodological criticism.
Citas
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