Asociación entre aptitud física relacionada con la salud, actividades físicas extraescolares y adiposidad corporal en una muestra representativa de adolescentes de Florianópolis, Brasil (Association between health-related physical fitness, extracurricular physical activities and body adiposity in with a representative sample adolescents from Florianópolis, Brazil)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v49.97245Palabras clave:
Adolescente, Composición corporal, Actividad física extraescolar, CineantropometríaResumen
Objetivo: Identificar las asociaciones entre aptitud física, actividad física extraescolar y adiposidad corporal en una muestra representativa de adolescentes de Florianópolis, Brasil. Método: estudio transversal, de base escolar, que incluyó a 981 adolescentes de 14 a 18 años, matriculados en escuelas públicas de la ciudad de Florianópolis-SC. La variable dependiente fue la adiposidad corporal, obtenida por la suma de dos pliegues cutáneos (tríceps + subescapular). Se consideraron variables independientes la participación en actividad física extraescolar y los componentes de aptitud física relacionados con la salud (flexibilidad, fuerza y resistencia muscular, aptitud cardiorrespiratoria). Resultados: La prevalencia de adiposidad corporal alta fue de 27,1%, sin diferencia entre sexos (niños= 25%, niñas= 29,4%). Hubo una asociación negativa entre la adiposidad corporal, la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria y la resistencia abdominal en ambos sexos. El modelo final explicó el 58,2% de la variación en los puntajes altos de adiposidad corporal en las niñas y el 47,9% en los niños. En ambos sexos se encontraron asociaciones negativas entre la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria (niñas: β = -0.752, p= <0.001; niños: β = -0.655, p< 0.001) y la resistencia abdominal (niñas: β = -0.070, p= 0.021; niños: β = -0.077, p= 0.021) con adiposidad corporal. Además, en las niñas se observaron asociaciones negativas entre la actividad física extraescolar (β = -0,078, p= 0,010), y en los niños la fuerza de prensión (β = -0,121, p< 0,001) y la flexibilidad (β = -0,082, p =0.015) con adiposidad corporal. Conclusión: En ambos sexos, los niveles más altos de aptitud cardiorrespiratoria y resistencia abdominal se asociaron con la adiposidad de la parte inferior del cuerpo. En las chicas la actividad extraescolar y en los chicos la fuerza y flexibilidad muscular se asociaron negativamente con la adiposidad corporal.
Palabras clave: Adolescente. Composición corporal. Actividad física extraescolar. Cineantropometría.
Abstract. Objective: To identify associations between physical fitness, extracurricular physical activity, and body adiposity in a representative sample of adolescents from Florianópolis, Brazil. Methods: This cross-sectional, school-based study included 981 adolescents aged 14–18 years attending public schools in Florianópolis, Brazil. The dependent variable was body adiposity, calculated from the sum of triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses. Participation in extracurricular physical activity and health-related physical fitness components (flexibility, muscle strength and endurance, cardiorespiratory fitness) were independent variables. Results: The prevalence of high body adiposity was 27.1%, not differing between sexes (boys = 25,0%, girls = 29.4%). There was a negative association between body adiposity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and abdominal endurance in both sexes. The final model explained 58.2% of the variation in body adiposity scores in girls and 47.9% in boys. Negative associations of body adiposity with cardiorespiratory fitness (girls: β = -0.752, p < 0.001; boys: β = -0.655, p < 0.001) and abdominal endurance (girls: β = -0.070, p = 0.021; boys: β = -0.077, p = 0.021) were found in both sexes. Negative associations of body adiposity with extracurricular physical activity were observed in girls (β = -0.078, p = 0.010) and with grip strength (β = -0.121, p < 0.001) and flexibility (β = -0.082, p = 0.015) in boys. Conclusion: Regardless of sex, adolescent groups with low cardiorespiratory fitness and abdominal endurance were the most affected by high body adiposity. Furthermore, lower participation in extracurricular physical activity in girls and lower strength and flexibility in boys were associated with higher body adiposity.
Keywords: Adolescent. Body composition. Extracurricular physical activity. Kinanthropometry.
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