Relación entre calidad del sueño, hábitos alimentarios y perfil antropométrico en adolescentes: Una en-cuesta transversal (Relationship between sleep quality, eating habits, and anthropometric profile in adolescents: A cross-sectional survey)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v48.96283Palabras clave:
Adolescent, BMI, WHtR, Sleep, Feeding Behavior, PeruResumen
La obesidad representa un importante factor de riesgo para diversas enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT) en los adolescentes y la población general. El propósito de este estudio fue determinar la relación entre la calidad de sueño, hábitos alimentarios y perfil antropométrico en adolescentes peruanos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal. Un total de 240 adolescentes de edades comprendidas entre 12 a 17 años participaron en el estudio. Se utilizó el Cuestionario de Calidad del Sueño de Pittsburgh (PSQI) y un instrumento basado en el cuestionario de Hábitos Alimentarios de los Institutos Nacionales de Salud de Estados Unidos (NIH, por sus siglas en inglés), versión española. Se determinaron el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y la índice cintura estatura (ICE). Se utilizaron las pruebas estadísticas chi-cuadrado y Rho de Spearman (Rho). La calidad del sueño se asoció significativamente y de manera indirecta con los hábitos alimentarios (rho=-0,262; p=<0,001). Del mismo modo, se encontró correlación estadísticamente significativa e indirecta entre la calidad de sueño y el IMC de los participantes (rho=-0,174; p=0,007). También, la calidad de sueño estuvo correlacionado positivamente con el ICE (rho=0,170; p=0,018). Por otro lado, se observó que los hábitos alimentarios están correlacionados de manera indirecta con el IMC y la ICE (rho=-0,959; p=0,003) y (rho=-0,215; p=0,002, respectivamente. La proporción de hombres que presentaron calidad de sueño inadecuada, hábitos alimentarios inadecuados y exceso de peso fue superior en comparación a las mujeres. Es importante la implementación de programas de intervención de estilo de vida saludables para mejorar la calidad del sueño, hábitos alimentarios y prevenir la obesidad general y abdominal, las cuales son factores de riesgo para las ENT.
Palabra clave: Adolescente, IMC, índice cintura estatura, Sueño, Hábitos alimentarios, Perú
Abstract. Obesity represents an important risk factor for various noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in adolescents and the general population. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between sleep quality, dietary habits and anthropometric profile in Peruvian adolescents. A cross-sectional study was carried out. A total of 240 adolescents aged 12 to 17 years participated in the study. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire (PSQI) and an instrument based on the Spanish version of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Eating Habits questionnaire were used. Body mass index (BMI) and waist-height ratio (WHtR) were determined. Chi-square and Spearman's Rho (Rho) statistical tests were used. Sleep quality was significantly and indirectly associated with eating habits (rho=-0.262; p=<0.001). Similarly, a statistically significant and indirect correlation was found between sleep quality and BMI of the participants (rho=-0.174; p=0.007). Also, sleep quality was positively correlated with WHtR (rho=0.170; p=0.018). On the other hand, it was observed that eating habits are indirectly correlated with BMI and ECI (rho=-0.959; p=0.003) and (rho=-0.215; p=0.002, respectively. The proportion of men who presented inadequate sleep quality, inadequate eating habits and excess weight was higher compared to women. It is important to implement healthy lifestyle intervention programs to improve sleep quality, eating habits, and prevent general and abdominal obesity, which are risk factors for NCDs.
Keywords: Adolescent, BMI, WHtR, Sleep, Feeding Behavior, Peru
Citas
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