Características sociodemográficas, hábitos de vida y frecuencia de consumo de alimentos asociados al rendimiento físico en corredores amateurs (Sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle habits and frequency of food consumption associated with physical performance in amateur runners)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v46.94104Palabras clave:
Physical performance, Alcohol Drinking, Sleep, Body Mass Index, SmokingResumen
El rendimiento físico está condicionado por diferentes factores como aspectos sociodemográficos, hábitos de vida o la dieta. El propósito de estudio fue determinar la asociación entre las características sociodemográficas, hábitos de vida y frecuencia de consumo alimentario con al rendimiento físico en corredores amateurs. Se realizó un estudio transversal en 197 corredores amateurs peruanos entre los meses enero y marzo de 2022. Se analizaron características sociodemográficas (edad, sexo, entre otros). También, se evaluaron hábitos de vida (consumo de tabaco y alcohol, duración del sueño, entre otros). El consumo de alimentos fue evaluado mediante un cuestionario de frecuencia alimentaria y el rendimiento físico, mediante el test de Cooper. El análisis de las relaciones se realizó mediante los coeficientes de correlación de Spearman. Los valores de p<0,05 fueron considerados estadísticamente significativos. El 58,1% de las mujeres y el 67,7% de aquellos que tenían entre 18 a 39 años presentaron rendimiento físico alto. El consumo de tabaco (rho =0,230, p<0,01), horas de sueño (rho = 0,197, p<0,01), suplemento nutricional (rho = 0,336, p<0,05), el sexo (rho = 0,152, p<0,05) y el índice de masa corporal (IMC) (rho =0,272, p<0,05) se correlacionaron significativamente y de manera directa con el rendimiento físico. Los hallazgos de este estudio sugieren que las intervenciones destinadas a mejorar el rendimiento físico deben considerar estos factores asociados para obtener resultados eficaces, particularmente en aquellos con mayor edad.
Palabras clave: Rendimiento Físico, Consumo de alcohol, Sueño, Índice de masa corporal, Tabaquismo.
Abstract. Physical performance is conditioned by different factors such as sociodemographic aspects, lifestyle habits, or diet. The purpose of the study was to determine the association between sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle habits, and frequency of food consumption with physical performance in amateur runners. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 197 Peruvian amateur runners between January and March 2022. Sociodemographic characteristics such as age, sex, among others, were analyzed. Life habits were also evaluated (tobacco and alcohol consumption, sleep duration, among others). Food consumption was evaluated by means of a food frequency questionnaire and physical performance through the Cooper test. The analysis of the relationships was performed using Spearman’s correlation coefficients. Values of p<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Approximately, 58.1% of the women and 67.7% between 18 and 39 years of age presented high physical performance. Smoking (rho =0.230, p<0.01), hours of sleep (rho = 0.197, p<0.01), nutritional supplement (rho = 0.336, p<0.05), sex (rho = 0.152, p<0.05), and body mass index (BMI) (rho =0.272, p<0.05) were significantly and directly correlated with physical performance. The findings of this study suggest that interventions aimed at improving physical performance should consider these associated factors for effective outcomes, particularly in those with older age.
Keywords: Physical performance, Alcohol Drinking, Sleep, Body Mass Index, Smoking.
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