Eficacia del entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad versus entrenamiento continuo moderado en pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca crónica con fracción de eyección reducida, en relación a la capacidad aeróbica, la fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo y la calidad de vida. Revisión sistemática (Efectiveness of High Intensity Interval Training versus Moderate Intensity Continuous Training in patients with chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, in relation to aerobic capacity, left ventricular ejection fraction and quality of life. Systematic review)

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v49.93944

Palabras clave:

Insuficiencia cardíaca crónica; entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad; entrenamiento continuo moderado; capacidad cardiorrespiratoria; fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo.

Resumen

La aplicación del entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad (HIIT) se presentó como alternativa al entrenamiento continuo moderado (MICT) con resultados prometedores en la rehabilitación de pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca crónica con fracción de eyección reducida (ICC-FEr). Estos protocolos valoraron principalmente la capacidad aeróbica, la fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo (FEVI) y la calidad de vida (CdV), teniendo en cuenta la adherencia y la seguridad en el ejercicio. El principal objetivo de este estudio se centró en realizar una revisión sistemática sobre la eficacia del HIIT versus el MICT en pacientes con ICC-FEr asociado a la mejoría de las variables analizadas para el bienestar de los sujetos. Se realizó la búsqueda de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados (ECAs) en las bases de datos Medline y ScienceDirect, con una ecuación de búsqueda y unos criterios de inclusión y exclusión establecidos, en los últimos 10 años. Se incluyeron 12 estudios con una muestra total de 843 pacientes. Los artículos analizados mostraron que, pese a que en la mayoría de ECAs no hubo diferencias significativas entre la aplicación del HIIT o el MICT para la mejora de la capacidad aeróbica, la FEVI y CdV, sí hay algunos en los que los datos parecen indicar un beneficio en capacidad aeróbica en el uso de HITT vs MICT en pacientes con ICC-FEr. Ambos protocolos de entrenamiento manifestaron una adherencia alta y una seguridad adecuada. Estos confirieron beneficios en cuanto a CdV similares en los pacientes.

Palabras clave: Insuficiencia cardíaca crónica sistólica; entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad; entrenamiento continuo moderado; capacidad cardiorrespiratoria; fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo.

Abstract. The application of High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) was presented as an alternative to Moderate Intensity Continuous Training (MICT) with promising results in rehabilitation of patients with chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (CHFrEF). These protocols mainly assessed aerobic capacity, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and quality of life (QoL), considering adherence and safety in the exercise. The main objective of this study is focused on conducting a comprehensive systematic review on the efficacy of HIIT versus MICT in patients with CHFrEF associated with the improvement of the variables analysed for the well-being of the subjects. The search for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) was carried out in Medline and ScienceDirect databases, with a search equation and established inclusion and exclusion criteria, in the last 10 years. Twelve studies with a total sample of 843 patients were included. The articles analyzed showed that, despite the fact that in most of the RCTs there were no significant differences between the application of HIIT or MICT to improve aerobic capacity, LVEF and QoL, there are some in which the data seem to indicate a benefit in aerobic capacity in the use of HITT vs MICT in patients with CHFrEF. Both training protocols showed high adherence and adequate safety. These conferred similar QoL benefits in the patients.

Key words: “chronic heart failure”; “high intensity interval training”; “moderate intensity continuous training”; “cardiorespiratory fitness”; “left ventricular ejection fraction”

 

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2023-06-28

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Collados-Gutiérrez, A., & Gutiérrez Vilahú, L. . (2023). Eficacia del entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad versus entrenamiento continuo moderado en pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca crónica con fracción de eyección reducida, en relación a la capacidad aeróbica, la fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo y la calidad de vida. Revisión sistemática (Efectiveness of High Intensity Interval Training versus Moderate Intensity Continuous Training in patients with chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, in relation to aerobic capacity, left ventricular ejection fraction and quality of life. Systematic review). Retos, 49, 135–145. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v49.93944

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Artículos de carácter científico: trabajos de investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas