Un modelo de tres compartimentos de composición corporal para validar una ecuación antropométrica para estimar la grasa en jugadores de fútbol americano (A three-compartment model of body composition for validating an anthropometric equation to estimate fatness in football players)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v46.93737Palabras clave:
Modelo multicomponente, método de campo, antropometría, ecuaciones de pliegues cutáneos, deporteResumen
El objetivo de este estudio fue desarrollar una nueva ecuación de regresión antropométrica para predecir el porcentaje de grasa corporal (PGC) en jugadores de fútbol americano utilizando como referencia un modelo de 3 compartimientos (M3C) de composición corporal. Participaron 90 jugadores de fútbol americano (edad 22.4 ± 1.7 años; altura 178.9 ± 6.4 cm; peso 91.9 ± 17.0 kg). Se les evaluó el contenido mineral óseo, la densidad corporal, el grosor de los pliegues cutáneos y el perímetro de la cintura y cadera. Se utilizó la ecuación de Lohman para calcular el porcentaje de grasa corporal a partir del M3C. Se utilizó el análisis stepwise y de regresión para seleccionar y desarrollar los modelos finales. La mejor ecuación fue PGC = 0.265 + (0.328 × SPAPS); SPAPS: suma de los pliegues cutáneos abdominal, pantorrilla y supraespinal (R2 = 0.83; raíz cuadrada de la medida estándar de error = 2.80; p = .000). La nueva ecuación no presentó errores sistemáticos ni proporcionales (intercepción: -3.85 a -0.46; pendiente: 1.01 a 1.22). El sesgo fue de 0.01 y los límites de concordancia fueron de ± 5.5 de PGC entre la nueva ecuación y el M3C. Desarrollamos una ecuación antropométrica nueva y específica para estimar el PGC en jugadores de fútbol americano utilizando sólo 3 pliegues cutáneos, basado en un mejor M3C como referencia.
Abstract. The aim of this study was to develop a new anthropometric regression equation to predict the body fat percentage (BFP) in american football players using as a reference a 3-compartment model (3CM) of body composition. Ninety football players participated (age 22.4 ± 1.7 years; height 178.9 ± 6.4 cm; weight 91.9 ± 17.0 kg). The players were evaluated on bone mineral content, body density, skinfold thickness, and waist and hip perimeters. The Lohman equation was used to calculate body fat percentage from the 3CM. Stepwise and regression analysis was used to select and develop the final models. The best equation was: BFP = 0.265 + (0.328 × SFSUM); SFSUM: sum of the abdominal, calf, and supraspinale skinfolds (R2 = 0.83; square root of measure standard of error = 2.80; p = .000). The new equation did not present systematic or proportional error (intercept: -3.85 to -0.46; slope: 1.01 to 1.22). Bias was 0.01 and the limits of agreement were ± 5.5 of BFP between the new equation and the 3CM. We developed a new and specific anthropometric equation to estimate BFP in american football players using only 3 skinfolds and based on a better 3CM as a reference.
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