Dimensiones de la Literacia Física en Estudiantes Universitarios y su Relación con la Actividad Física Presente y Pasada: Estudio Exploratorio, Observacional (Physical Literacy Dimensions in University Students and their Relations with Present and Past P
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v45i0.92116Palabras clave:
actividad física, experiencia pasada, literacia física, estudiantes universitarios, (Physical activity, past-experience, physical literacy components, university students)Resumen
La literacia física (LF), un constructo multidimensional que incluye la motivación, la confianza y la competencia motora, la creación de oportunidades para la práctica, el conocimiento y la imagen corporal, ha sido identificada como una de las claves para una población más activa. Este estudio observacional exploratorio tiene como objetivo analizar la asociación entre las varias dimensiones de la LF y explorar la asociación de estas dimensiones con el nivel de actividad física (AF) actual y con la experiencia previa. Un total de 326 estudiantes universitarios (55,8% mujeres) con edades entre los 18 y los 54 años (M= 21,80, DP= 3,59) participaron en el estudio. Se utilizaron indicadores psicométricos para las dimensiones de LF, el IPAQ para evaluar el nivel actual de AF e indicadores de experiencia previa com Educación Física (EF), como grado, participación y percepción de importancia. Los resultados del análisis correlacional bivariado indican una asociación positiva, de mediana a alta magnitud, entre todas las dimensiones de la LF (p's<0,01), excepto el conocimiento. La mayoría de las dimensiones de la LF y el score total se asociaron con la AF total (p<0,01) y la AF vigorosa con mediana o baja magnitud. Únicamente la dimensión de oportunidades se asoció con la caminata (p<0,01), a pesar de su baja magnitud. La percepción de la importancia de las clases de EF se asoció con todas las dimensiones (p<0,05, siendo la mayoría <0,001), con excepción del conocimiento, con fuerzas de magnitud variadas. Las asociaciones no revelaron ningún cambio relevante con el ajuste estadístico por sexo, edad y área del curso. Conclusiones: La LF es un constructo fundamental a investigar desde una perspectiva poblacional, dada su relación con la AF. Este estudio hizo una primera contribución al explorar el potencial de los indicadores de LF adaptados para estudios epidemiológicos. Se necesita investigación futura para construir y validar un cuestionario y evaluar el papel potencial de la dimensión de conocimiento (que en este estudio no ha sido significativa).
Abstract. Physical literacy (PL), a multidimensional construct including motivation, confidence and motor competence, creation of opportunities to practice, knowledge and body image, has been identified as a key-factor contributing to a more active population. This exploratory, observational study analyzes the association between the different dimensions of PL and explores the association of those dimensions with the current and past level of physical activity (PA). A total of 326 university students (55.8% female) aged between 18 and 54 years (M = 21.80, SD = 3.59) participated in this study. Psychometric indicators were used to measure PL dimensions, IPAQ to assess the current level of PA and previous experience in Physical Education (PE) was assessed through indicators such as grade, participation and perception of importance. Bivariate correlational analysis results indicate a positive association, from medium to high magnitude, between all PL dimensions (p's<0.01), except for knowledge. Most PL dimensions and total score were associated with total PA (p<0.01) and vigorous PA with medium or low magnitude. Only the dimension of opportunities was associated with walking (p<0.01), despite its low magnitude. The perception of importance of PE classes was associated with all PL dimensions (p<0.05), with the exception of knowledge, with varying magnitudes. Associations did not reveal any relevant change after statistical adjustment for gender, age and academic course area. Conclusions: PL is a fundamental construct to be investigated from a populational perspective, given its relationship with PA. This investigation made a first contribution by exploring the potential of PL indicators adapted for epidemiological studies. Future research is needed to validate the questionnaire and assess the potential role of the knowledge dimension (not significant in this study).
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