Aplicaciones de la realidad virtual para la inclusión del autism. Una revisión (Applications of Virtual Reality for Autism Inclusion. A review)

Autores/as

  • Vasiliki Bravou N.C.S.R. "Demokritos"
  • Despoina Oikonomidou N.C.S.R. "Demokritos"
  • Athanasios Drigas N.C.S.R. "Demokritos"

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v45i0.92078

Palabras clave:

Realidad Virtual, Trastorno del Espectro Autista, Aplicación, Intervención, (Virtual Reality, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Application, Intervention)

Resumen

Los niños con Trastorno del Espectro Autista presentan varias dificultades en la interacción social, obstáculos en la comunicación y comportamientos restringidos y repetitivos. La conexión social con los demás suele ser un reto para ellos, y con frecuencia no saben cómo reaccionar ante las emociones, las expresiones faciales y los movimientos del cuerpo de otras personas, y sobre todo cómo responder a diversas circunstancias sociales. Los estudios de revisión recientes relativos a la RV para niños con TEA han encontrado que la mayoría de las intervenciones relevantes se dirigen a mejorar las habilidades sociales y emocionales, así como las actividades comunes de la vida diaria. En este trabajo, vamos a presentar estudios sobre las aplicaciones más actuales de las tecnologías de RV a la educación de alumnos con TEA con el objetivo de obtener una visión actualizada del uso de la RV en este campo. Se realizó una búsqueda exhaustiva en las bases de datos Scopus y Pubmed, así como a través de Google Scholar, utilizando las palabras clave "Realidad Virtual", "Trastorno del Espectro Autista", "aplicación", "intervención", "estudiantes", "educación" y sus combinaciones, para el periodo 2015-2021. Nuestra búsqueda se limitó a los estudios presentados en inglés. La mayoría de los resultados que describimos fueron positivos y bastante alentadores, ya que los déficits en estos dominios son determinantes para la vida de los individuos con TEA. Dado que se han superado muchas barreras (por ejemplo, en relación con el coste y los problemas de comodidad) para el uso de las tecnologías de RV, se debería poner más empeño en la producción de una investigación experimental más amplia y sólida en el campo específico, así como en la comprobación de los problemas de generalización en la vida real.

Abstract. Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder present several difficulties in social interaction, communication obstacles and restricted and repeated behaviors. Social connection with others is typically challenging for them, and they are frequently unsure of how to react to other people's emotions, facial expressions, and movements of their body, and especially of how to respond to various social circumstances. Recent review studies regarding VR for children with ASD have found that most of the relevant interventions aimed at improving social and emotional skills, as well as common activities of everyday life. In this work, we are going to present studies of the most current applications of VR technologies to the education of students with ASD with the aim to gain an updated overview of the use of VR in this field. A thorough search was conducted in Scopus and Pubmed databases, as well as through Google Scholar, using the keywords ‘Virtual Reality’, ‘Autism Spectrum Disorder’, ‘application’, ‘intervention’, ‘students’, ‘education’ and their combinations, for the period 2015–2021. Our search was limited to studies presented in English. A total of eight (8) studies met the inclusion criteria. The majority of the results we described were positive and quite encouraging, as the deficits in these domains are life- determining for individuals with ASD. Given that many barriers (e.g., regarding cost and comfort issues) to using the VR technologies have been overcome, more effort should be put to the production of wider and more robust experimental research in the specific field, as well as to the testing of generalizability issues in real life. 

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Publicado

2022-06-21

Cómo citar

Bravou, V., Oikonomidou, D., & Drigas, A. (2022). Aplicaciones de la realidad virtual para la inclusión del autism. Una revisión (Applications of Virtual Reality for Autism Inclusion. A review). Retos, 45, 779–785. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v45i0.92078

Número

Sección

Revisiones teóricas, sistemáticas y/o metaanálisis