La influencia de la práctica regular de la natación en el desarrollo motor global en la infancia (The influence of regular swimming practices on global motor development throughout childhood)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v1i40.83090Palabras clave:
natación, niños, desarrollo motor, habilidades motoras, control motor, (aquatic activities, children, global development, motor skills, motor control)Resumen
Aunque la natación es un deporte que suelen practicar los niños, existe poco conocimiento sobre su efecto en el desarrollo motor. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar y comparar el desarrollo motor global en niños de diferentes edades que practican y no practican la natación. La muestra estuvo formada por 116 niños (58 hombres, 58 mujeres), con edades comprendidas entre los 5 y los 10 años, pertenecientes a dos grupos, los que asistieron a clases de natación (n = 57) y los que no asistieron a clases de natación (n=59). El desarrollo motor global se evaluó mediante lo Test of Gross Motor Development-2. Niños entre 5 y 10 años que practicaron natación mostraron valores significativamente más altos en la suma de habilidades (52.23 ± 9.58 vs. 48.69 ± 9.64, p=.04) y en el cociente de desarrollo motor global (68.16 ± 11.57 vs. 64.56 ± 12.04, p=.04). Estas diferencias fueron más evidentes en niños de 7 y 8 años (suma de habilidades: 55.00 ± 8.44 vs. 48.25 ± 9.48, p=.008; cociente: 68.88 ± 10.90 vs. 6.38 ± 11.55, p=.005). En niños de 5 y 6 años, 9 y 10 años, no hubo diferencias significativas. Así, los resultados sugieren un efecto positivo de la práctica regular de la natación sobre el desarrollo motor global de los niños entre 5 y 10 años, y los resultados parecen sugerir que esto es más evidente en niños de 7 y 8 años.
Abstract. Although swimming is a sport usually practiced by children, little knowledge exists about its effect on motor development. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the gross motor development in children of different ages with or without regular swimming practices. 116 children (58 males, 58 females) aged between 5 to 10 years old, distributed in two groups, those who experienced swimming lessons (n=57) and those who did not have any swimming experience (n=59). The gross motor development was assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Development-2. Children aged between 5 and 10 years old showed significantly higher values in the sum of motor skills (52.23 ± 9.58 vs. 48.69 ± 9.64, p = .04) and the global motor development quotient (68.16 ± 11.57 vs. 64.56 ± 12.04, p = .04). These differences between the groups were more evident for children aged 7 and 8 years (sum of skills: 55.00 ± 8.44 vs. 48.25 ± 9.48, p = .008; quotient: 68.88 ± 10.90 vs. 6.38 ± 11.55, p = .005). In children aged 5 and 6 years, 9 and 10 years, there were no significant differences. The results thus suggest a positive effect of regular swimming practice on the gross motor development of children between 5 and 10 years old, and the results seem to suggest that this is more evident in the middle ages (7 and 8 years old) .
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