Efectos de la suplementación con zumo de remolacha sobre la respuesta neuromuscular: revisión sistemática (Effect of beet juice supplementation (BJ) on neuromuscular response: a systematic review)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i39.79650Palabras clave:
Entrenamiento de fuerza, Óxido nítrico, Resistencia muscular, Zumo de remolacha., (Beetroot; Muscular endurance; Nitric Oxide; Nitrate; Nitrite; Resistance training; Strength)Resumen
El zumo de remolacha (ZR) es una fuente nutricional rica en nitrato (NO3-) que, una vez ingerido, es reducido a óxido nítrico (ON). El ON posee efectos hipotensores, anti-inflamatorios y provoca mejoras en la eficiencia mitocondrial y en la regulación de la contractilidad muscular. Distintas investigaciones han comprobado que la suplementación con ZR presenta un efecto ergogénico en modalidades de resistencia cardiorrespiratoria y esfuerzos explosivos e intermitentes de alta intensidad. Sin embargo, dado que ninguna revisión ha valorado el efecto de la suplementación con ZR sobre la producción de fuerza muscular, el objetivo de la presente revisión sistemática es analizar el efecto de la suplementación con ZR sobre el rendimiento en la fuerza muscular. La búsqueda mediante palabras clave y conectores booleanos se realizó en las bases de datos Dialnet, Directory of Open Access Journals, Medline, Pubmed, Scielo, Scopus y SPORTDiscus. La estrategia de búsqueda empleada fue la siguiente: (nitrate OR beet*) AND (concepto 2) (supplement* OR nutr* OR diet*) AND (concepto 3) (strength OR "resistance exercise" OR "resistance training" OR "muscular power"). Tras la aplicación de los criterios de inclusión, un total de 14 artículos fueron seleccionados para la revisión. En la revisión se ha comprobado como la suplementación con ZR puede tener un efecto ergogénico sobre la producción de fuerza muscular bajo estimulación eléctrica, así como sobre la producción de potencia sobre contracciones isocinéticas únicamente a altas velocidades angulares, siendo el mecanismo explicativo una potenciación de la capacidad contráctil específicamente en las fibras musculares tipo II.
Abstract. Beet juice (BJ) is a nutritional source rich in nitrate (NO3-) which, after ingestion, is reduced to nitric oxide (NO). NO has effects such as reduction in arterial pressure, anti-inflammatory effects, enhancement of mitochondrial efficiency, and regulation of muscle contractility. Different studies have reported that BJ supplementation has an ergogenic effect in modalities of cardiorespiratory endurance and explosive and intermittent high intensity efforts. Nevertheless, no review has assessed the effect of BJ supplementation on muscle strength production. Thus, the objective of this systematic review is to analyse the effect of BJ supplementation on muscle strength performance. The search using keywords and Boolean connectors was carried out in the databases Dialnet, Directory of Open Access Journals, Medline, Pubmed, Scielo, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus. The search strategy used was the following: (nitrate OR beet *) AND (concept 2) (supplement * OR nutr * OR diet *) AND (concept 3) (strength OR "resistance exercise" OR "resistance training" OR "muscular power "). After the application of the inclusion criteria, a total of 14 articles were selected for review. The review has shown how BJ supplementation can have an ergogenic effect on the production of muscle strength under electrical stimulation, as well as on the production of power over isokinetic contractions only at high angular speeds, the explanatory mechanism being a potentiation of the contractile capacity specifically in type II muscle fibers.
Citas
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