Variables cinéticas y stiffness vertical de patinadoras de artístico andaluzas (Kinetic variables and vertical stiffness of Andalusian female figure skaters)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i39.78612Palabras clave:
Stiffness vertical, patinaje artístico, altura de vuelo, fuerza, potencia, (Vertical stiffness, figure skating, flight height, force, power)Resumen
El patinaje artístico es una disciplina deportiva con varias modalidades y, en casi todas ellas, los elementos de mayor dificultad suelen ser los saltos, que deben ser altos para permitir varias rotaciones. El objetivo del presente estudio fue el de analizar las variables cinéticas y el stiffness vertical de un grupo de ocho patinadoras de artístico andaluzas de nivel regional de edades comprendidas entre 14 y 18 años, comparándolas con un grupo de ocho chicas sedentarias del mismo rango de edad. Se analizaron la altura de vuelo y las siguientes variables de la batida de un salto vertical con contramovimiento (CMJ): máximo descenso del centro de masas, pico de fuerzas, fuerza media, impulso de aceleración, duración del impulso de aceleración, potencia media, potencia pico, stiffness vertical, stiffness vertical normalizado a la masa corporal y velocidad máxima de descenso. Los resultados mostraron que las patinadoras tenían alturas de vuelo significativamente mayores que las sedentarias y presentaban valores de potencia y de impulso de aceleración significativamente mayores, lo que indica que eran más explosivas. Sin embargo, no realizaron una mayor fuerza media durante la fase concéntrica de la batida. Son necesarios nuevos trabajos que comparen a las patinadoras con otros grupos de deportistas, analizando especialmente variables poco estudiadas como el stiffness vertical y la máxima velocidad de descenso, para valorar si las patinadoras realizan una buena utilización del ciclo estiramiento-acortamiento y cómo aumentar la fuerza media durante la fase concéntrica de la batida.
Abstract. Figure skating is a sport with different modalities. In most of them, jumps are usually the most difficult elements and need to be high enough so to complete several rotations. The aim of the present study was to analyse the kinetic variables and the vertical stiffness of eight andalusian female figure skaters aged 14-18 years old, comparing them to a group of eight sedentary female subjects of the same age. Flight height and the following kinetic variables during a countermovement jump (CMJ) were analyzed: maximal displacement of the centre of mass, peak force, average force, acceleration impulse, length of the acceleration impulse, average power, peak power, vertical stiffness, vertical stiffness normalized to body mass and maximum downward velocity during the eccentric phase. Results showed that figure skaters had flight heights greater than sedentary subjects and they also exhibited greater values of power and acceleration impulse, which means that they have higher explosive strength. However, average force developed during the concentric phase was not significantly higher in figure skaters. Further research comparing figure skaters with other athletes is needed, with special focus on the analysis of vertical stiffness and maximum downward velocity, so to clarify whether figure skaters make a good use of the stretch-shortening cycle; also to understand how to develop higher average force during the concentric phase of jumps.
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