Instrumentos de medida en la evaluación de la imagen corporal en el contexto de la danza: una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v64.110431Palabras clave:
Danza, imagen corporal, instrumentos, percepción corporal, satisfacción corporalResumen
Introducción: La imagen corporal es la representación mental que un individuo hace de su cuerpo. En el contexto de la danza, la estética es un factor relevante, así como la imagen corporal. Objetivo: El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática fue identificar cuáles eran los instrumentos de medida más utilizados para evaluar la imagen corporal en el contexto de la danza, analizarlos y concluir cuáles eran los más apropiados en este campo. Metodología: Siguiendo la lista de verificación PRISMA, se recuperaron artículos publicados en las bases de datos Web of Science, Scopus y PubMed hasta el 7 de marzo de 2023. Se incluyeron estudios primarios publicados en cualquier idioma en los que se evaluara la imagen corporal en personas bailarinas adultas. Resultados: Ochenta y ocho estudios fueron incluidos. En los estudios cualitativos, las entrevistas en profundidad fueron el instrumento más utilizado. En los estudios cuantitativos, se identificaron más de treinta escalas, pero solo diecisiete de ellas se utilizaron en al menos dos estudios, incluyendo escalas de siluetas y cuestionarios. La escala de Stunkard fue la más frecuentemente usada. Discusión: Se encontró que solo dos escalas habían sido diseñadas específicamente para personas bailarinas y ninguna de ellas se usa frecuentemente en la literatura. Conclusiones: la escala de Stunkard, las entrevistas en profundidad, la Body Appreciation Scale y el Body Shape Questionnaire son los instrumentos más utilizados para la evaluación de la imagen corporal en personas que bailan. Los métodos cualitativos ofrecen información relevante para la comprensión y exploración de la imagen corporal. Los métodos cuantitativos también son útiles, aunque las escalas de siluetas ofrecen una visión binaria de los cuerpos y géneros, y deberían ser reevaluadas.
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