El impacto de los dispositivos digitales en la salud mental y física de los escolares de primaria: revisión sistemática (The impact of digital devices on the mental and physical health of primary school children: systematic review)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v60.109008Palabras clave:
Digital technology, Mental health, Physical health, Elementary school childrenResumen
El uso de la tecnología digital ha impregnado la vida de los niños de primaria, afectando a aspectos de su salud mental y física. Aunque estas tecnologías ofrecen diversos beneficios, preocupa su impacto negativo, como la ansiedad, los trastornos del sueño y la disminución de la actividad física. Este estudio pretende evaluar el impacto de los dispositivos digitales en la salud mental y física de los niños de primaria mediante una revisión sistemática. Siguiendo el método PRISMA, se seleccionó la bibliografía de PubMed y Scopus en función de la calidad, la relevancia y la exhaustividad de los datos. De las 150 publicaciones iniciales, 7 artículos fueron relevantes tras ser analizados previamente. Los resultados mostraron que la actividad física es importante para la salud de los niños que utilizan activamente dispositivos digitales. Algunas aplicaciones y videojuegos activos aumentan la actividad física y el bienestar emocional, pero un uso excesivo puede suponer un riesgo de ansiedad, depresión y obesidad. El uso de dispositivos digitales afecta a la salud mental y física de los niños de primaria. La conclusión de este estudio es que los padres y educadores deben supervisar el uso de los dispositivos digitales para reducir los efectos negativos y utilizar de forma óptima la tecnología para favorecer el desarrollo de los niños.
Palabras clave: Tecnología digital; Salud mental; Salud física; Alumnos de primaria
Abstract. The use of digital technology has permeated the lives of elementary school children, affecting aspects of their mental and physical health. While these technologies offer various benefits, there are concerns about their negative impacts such as anxiety, sleep disturbances and decreased physical activity. This study aims to evaluate the impact of digital devices on primary school children's mental and physical health through a systematic review. Using the PRISMA method, literature from PubMed, and Scopus was selected based on quality, relevance, and completeness of data. Of the initial 150 publications, 7 articles were relevant after being pre-analyzed. The results showed that physical activity is important for the health of children who actively use digital devices. Some active apps and video games increase physical activity and emotional well-being, but excessive use may pose a risk for anxiety, depression and obesity. Digital device use affects the mental and physical health of primary school children. The conclusion of this study is that parents and educators should supervise the use of digital devices to reduce negative impacts and optimally utilize technology to support children's development.
Keywords: Digital technology; Mental health; Physical health; Elementary school children
Citas
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