Efectos de la manipulación del hombro en las medidas de electromiografía en atletas de tiro con arco durante la recuperación de la fatiga: una comparación entre sexos (Effects of shoulder manipulation on electromyography measures in archery athletes during recovery from fatigue: a comparison between sexes)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v60.107802Palabras clave:
tiro con arco, fatiga muscular, recuperaciónResumen
El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los efectos de la terapia manual en las medidas de electromiografía (EMG) de los músculos primarios involucrados en el tiro con arco, considerando las diferencias entre sexos. Veinte atletas entrenados de tiro con arco (hombres: 14, edad: 32.1±6.6 años; mujeres: 6, edad: 25.3±5.0 años) participaron en este estudio experimental. Los atletas realizaron 100 disparos de tiro con arco, después de lo cual recibieron terapia manual regenerativa. Se tomaron medidas de EMG del deltoides medio, deltoides posterior, trapecio superior, trapecio medio, trapecio inferior y músculo infraespinoso antes de los disparos, después de los disparos y después de la terapia manual. Los resultados medidos incluyeron la amplitud media y máxima del valor cuadrático medio de la EMG (EMGRMS) y la frecuencia mediana del espectro de potencia de la señal EMG de superficie cruda (EMGMED). Las comparaciones entre sexos revelaron una EMGMED significativamente mayor en el trapecio superior después de la terapia manual en mujeres en comparación con hombres (F=5.096; p=0.037). No se encontraron otras diferencias significativas entre sexos (p>0.05). Las mediciones repetidas realizadas en la línea de base, después de 100 disparos y después de la terapia manual mostraron una amplitud media EMGRMS significativamente mayor en el infraespinoso después de la terapia manual en comparación con después de 100 disparos (169.7 vs. 109.8 µV; p=0.008). Se observaron resultados similares para la amplitud máxima EMGRMS (372.7 vs. 209.5 µV; p=0.010). Además, se observó una amplitud máxima EMGRMS significativamente menor en la línea de base en comparación con después de la terapia manual en el trapecio inferior (312.6 vs. 551.2 µV; p=0.045). En resumen, y en general, la terapia manual no jugó un papel significativo en la restauración de los parámetros de EMG en los músculos primarios de los arqueros después de la exposición a una condición de fatiga. Sin embargo, mostró eficacia en el caso del infraespinoso. Además, aparte del trapecio superior, no se observaron efectos significativos entre sexos, lo que indica efectos similares en ambos.
Palabras clave: tiro con arco; fatiga muscular; recuperación; modalidades de terapia física.
Abstract. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of manual therapy on electromyography (EMG) measures of the primary muscles involved in archery, considering the differences between sexes. Twenty trained archery athletes (men: 14, age: 32.1±6.6 years; women: 6, age: 25.3±5.0 years) participated in this experimental study. The athletes were subjected to 100 archery shots, after which they received regenerative manual therapy. EMG measurements were taken from the middle deltoid, posterior deltoid, upper trapezius, middle trapezius, lower trapezius, and infraspinatus muscles before the shots, after the shots, and after the manual therapy. The outcomes measured included the mean and maximal amplitude of the EMG root mean square (EMGRMS) and the median frequency of the raw surface EMG signal power spectrum (EMGMED). Sex comparisons revealed a significantly higher EMGMED in the upper trapezius following manual therapy in women compared to men (F=5.096; p=0.037). No other significant differences were found between sexes (p>0.05). Repeated measures conducted at baseline, after 100 shots, and after manual therapy showed a significantly greater mean amplitude EMGRMS in the infraspinatus following manual therapy compared to after 100 shots (169.7 vs. 109.8 µV; p=0.008). Similar results were noted for maximal amplitude EMGRMS (372.7 vs. 209.5 µV; p=0.010). Additionally, a significantly lower maximal amplitude EMGRMS was observed at baseline compared to after manual therapy in low trapezius (312.6 vs. 551.2 µV; p=0.045). In summary, and overall, manual therapy did not play a significant role in restoring the EMG parameters in the primary muscles of archers after exposure to a fatigue condition. However, it showed efficacy in the case of the infraspinatus. Furthermore, apart from the upper trapezius, no significant effects were observed between genders, indicating similar effects in both.
Keywords: archery; muscle fatigue; recovery; physical therapy modalities.
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