Desarrollo y validez de un instrumento para evaluar las barreras percibidas por los adolescentes para desplazarse activamente a la escuela (Development and validity of an instrument to assess barriers perceived by adolescents to active travel to school)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v60.107331Palabras clave:
atividade física, deslocamento ativo, barreiras, adolescentes, validadeResumen
Objetivo: Desarrollar y validar un instrumento para evaluar las barreras percibidas por los adolescentes brasileños para desplazarse activamente a la escuela. Métodos: Los participantes de este estudio fueron adolescentes brasileños (15-17 años) de escuelas públicas de la ciudad de Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil. Se seleccionó una submuestra (n=44) para realizar grupos focales, donde los resultados mostraron barreras para el desplazamiento activo a nivel intrapersonal, interpersonal y ambiental. Posteriormente, 200 adolescentes participaron en el proceso de validación del instrumento. Se realizó análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio para el análisis de validez, y se utilizó el alfa de Cronbach (α) para el análisis de consistencia interna. Resultados: El ajuste fue satisfactorio: χ2(27) = 58,6, p < 0,001, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0,92, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0,076; standard root-mean-square residual (SRMR) = 0,051, con una puntuación media de 8,4 (desviación típica [DT] = 5,5), alfa de Cronbach (α) de 0,77 (0,72-0,82). Conclusiones: El instrumento final incluyó 7 preguntas y presentó validez factorial satisfactoria y consistencia interna adecuada, considerándose una medida válida para evaluar las barreras percibidas por los adolescentes para desplazarse activamente a la escuela. Los programas de incentivos para el desplazamiento activo deben incorporar los hallazgos de este estudio para mejorar los aspectos de infraestructura y seguridad pública.
Palabras clave: actividad física; desplazamiento activo; barreras; adolescentes; validez.
Abstract. Objective: To develop and validate an instrument to assess the barriers perceived by Brazilian adolescents to actively commuting to school. Methods: The participants in this study were Brazilian adolescents (15-17 years old) from public schools in the city of Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. A subsample (n=44) was selected to carry out focus groups, where the results showed barriers to active commuting at intrapersonal, interpersonal, and environmental levels. Subsequently, 200 adolescents participated in the instrument validation process. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were performed for validity analysis, and Cronbach's alpha (α) was used for internal consistency analysis. Results: The fit was satisfactory: χ2(27) = 58.6, p < 0.001, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.92, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.076; standard root-mean-square residual (SRMR) = 0.051, with a mean score of 8.4 (SD = 5.5), Cronbach's alpha (α) of 0.77 (0.72-0.82). Conclusions: The final instrument included 7 questions and presented satisfactory factorial validity and adequate internal consistency, being considered a valid measure to assess the barriers perceived by adolescents to actively commuting to school. Active commuting incentive programs should incorporate the findings of this study to improve public safety and infrastructure aspects.
Keywords: physical activity; active commuting; barriers; adolescents; validity.
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