Relación entre los niveles de actividad física y la composición corporal en sujetos en espera de cirugía bariátrica: un estudio piloto (Relationship between physical activity levels and body composition of candidates for bariatric surgery: a pilot study)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v60.106973Palabras clave:
Sarcopenia. Obesidad. Índice de masa corporal, Sarcopenia, Obesidade, Índice de massa corporalResumen
La obesidad es un problema de salud pública que se asocia con el desarrollo de multimorbilidades cardiometabólicas y musculoesqueléticas, con sarcopenia. Además, la población con obesidad severa enfrenta diversas barreras que dificultan la práctica de ejercicio físico, lo que la expone a mayor riesgo y fragilidad. Ante esto, se realizó un estudio piloto para caracterizar la composición corporal y los niveles de actividad física de la población elegible para cirugía bariátrica y verificar la corroboración de los grados de obesidad y sarcopenia. En total se incluyó en el análisis una muestra de 41 individuos, todos ellos del sexo femenino, con una edad promedio de 45 años y un peso de 108 kilos, en su mayoría con sarcopenia (28 individuos). se pudo observar diferencia significativa en la masa grasa de la población con Obesidad Clase 2 y 3 (p> 0,001) y Clase 2 y 4 (p> 0,001) y Clase 3 y 4 (p > 0,002) y en el % grasa de la población con obesidad Clase 2 y 3 ((p> 0,001) y Clase 2 y 4 ((p> 0,002), ambas con tamaños de efecto fuertes (0,7 y 0,5, respectivamente). Se pudo observar una diferencia significativa en masa magra entre los grupos de clasificación de sarcopenia (p<0,001) pero no se observó diferencia significativa entre los niveles de actividad física. Los candidatos a la cirugía bariátrica presentan predominantemente obesidad de Clase II y III, interfiriendo con la composición corporal (magra). masa corporal, % de grasa corporal y DMO), y, en consecuencia, exponiendo una mayor fragilidad física y funcional. Aunque la sarcopenia y el sedentarismo se presentan en la literatura como condiciones que impactan la composición corporal, no fue posible identificar diferencias significativas en la muestra.
Palabras clave: Sarcopenia. Obesidad. Índice de masa corporal.
Abstract. Obesity is a public health issue that is associated with the development of cardiometabolic and musculoskeletal multimorbidities, such as sarcopenia. Furthermore, the population with severe obesity confronts various barriers that hinder the practice of physical exercise, which exposes them to greater risk and fragility. In light of this, a pilot study was conducted to characterize the population eligible for bariatric surgery regarding body composition and physical activity levels and verify the relationship between the degrees of the degrees of obesity and sarcopenia. In total, a sample of 41 individuals were included in the analysis, all of whom were female, with an average age of 45 years and weighing 108 kilos, mostly with sarcopenia (28 individuals). It was possible to observe a significant difference in the fat mass of the population with Obesity in Class 2 and 3 (p> 0.001), Class 2 and 4 (p> 0.001), Class 3 and 4 (p > 0.002), and in the % fat of the population with Class 2 and 3 obesity (p> 0.001) and Class 2 and 4 ((p> 0.002), both with strong effect sizes (0.7 and 0.5, respectively). It was possible to observe a significant difference in lean mass between the sarcopenia classification groups (p<0.001) but no significant difference was observed between the physical activity levels. The candidates for bariatric surgery predominantly have Class II and III obesity, interfering with body composition (lean mass, % body fat, and BMD), and, consequently, exposing greater physical and functional fragility. Although sarcopenia and a sedentary lifestyle are presented in the literature as conditions that impact body composition, it was not possible to identify significant differences in the sample.
Keywords: Sarcopenia. Obesity. Body mass index.
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