Análisis del impacto de diferentes intensidades y períodos de tiempo en el rendimiento físico y técnico de jugadores profesionales de fútbol (Analysis of the impact of different intensities and time periods on the physical and technical performance of professional soccer players)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v60.106937Palabras clave:
Rendimiento, Fútbol, Intensidad, Rendimiento físico, Rendimiento técnico.Resumen
Las simulaciones de partidos de fútbol brindan información valiosa sobre el rendimiento de los jugadores y métodos de entrenamiento, pero aún se tiene que explorar cómo la intensidad durante el juego afecta el rendimiento físico-técnico del jugador. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar el impacto de intervalos de intensidad variable durante el primer bloque del Copenhagen Soccer Test. Un estudio de medidas repetidas se diseñó para comparar tres niveles de intensidad, tres periodos de tiempo y sus efectos sobre velocidad de sprint, esfuerzo percibido, precisión de tiro a portería, regate y precisión de pase largo en jugadores de fútbol profesionales. El análisis de comparación entre diferentes fases mostró una disminución significativa en la velocidad de sprint (p < 0,001) y aumento del esfuerzo percibido (p < 0,001), sin embargo, las variables técnicas no cambiaron (p > 0,05). Al comparar los datos en función de la intensidad, se observaron disminuciones significativas en todas las variables (p < 0,001). El análisis combinado de los resultados indica que la velocidad disminuye y el índice de esfuerzo percibido aumenta a medida que avanza la simulación. Mientras tanto, la precisión de los tiros a portería, el regate y los pases largos se ven afectados negativamente por los periodos de alta intensidad, pero demuestran recuperación en el transcurso de la simulación. El aumento de intensidad afecta más a la velocidad que a la precisión de los tiros a portería, el regate y los pases.
Palabras clave: Rendimiento, Fútbol, Intensidad, Rendimiento físico, Rendimiento técnico
Abstract. Soccer match simulations provide valuable information on player performance and training methods but how intensity during a game affects a player's physical/technical performance has yet to be explored. The objective of the study was to analyse the impact of variable intensity intervals during the first block of the Copenhagen Soccer Test. A repeated measures study was designed to compare three intensity levels, three time periods and their effects on sprint speed, perceived effort, goal shooting accuracy, dribbling, and long pass accuracy in professional soccer players. The comparison analysis between different phases showed a significant decrease in sprint speed (p < 0.001) and an increase in perceived effort (p < 0.001), however, the technical variables did not change (p > 0.05). When comparing the data based on intensity, significant decreases were observed in all variables (p < 0.001). The combined analysis of the results indicates that the speed decreases and the rate of perceived exertion increases as the simulation progresses. Meanwhile, the accuracy of goal kicks, dribbling, and long passes are negatively affected by high-intensity efforts, but demonstrate recovery over the course of the simulation. The increase in intensity affects the speed more than the accuracy of shots on goal, dribbling and passing.
Keywords: Performance, Soccer, Intensity, Physical performance, Technical performance.
Citas
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