¿Cómo afectó el confinamiento durante la pandemia de la COVID-19 a la práctica de ejercicio? El caso de España (How did the COVID-19 lockdown affect leisure-time exercise patterns? The case of Spain)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v61.106338Palabras clave:
ejercicio, participación, frecuencia, confinamiento, COVID-19Resumen
Este trabajo analiza los efectos del confinamiento sobre el ejercicio físico de la población, con el propósito de responder a tres cuestiones: ¿En qué medida los patrones de ejercicio durante el confinamiento fueron diferentes de los habituales? En el caso de las personas que realizaban ejercicio ¿qué variables explican la diferencia entre la frecuencia de práctica durante el confinamiento y su frecuencia habitual? Y, por último ¿qué factores explican los cambios en los hábitos de ejercicio después del confinamiento de las personas activas durante dicho período? Para responder a estas preguntas, se estimaron logits binarios de participación y logits ordenados para analizar la frecuencia y los cambios en los hábitos de ejercicio. El análisis empírico emplea la Encuesta de Hábitos Deportivos de 2020. La muestra está formada por 5,154 observaciones, de las que 3,060 hicieron ejercicio al menos una vez al mes (59,4%) y 2,178 practicaron ejercicio durante el confinamiento (42,3%). Los resultados indican que algunos determinantes de la probabilidad y la frecuencia de ejercicio perdieron significatividad durante el confinamiento. Además, las mujeres y las personas de mayor nivel educativo aumentaron la frecuencia de práctica durante el confinamiento, en comparación con su práctica habitual, y las mujeres activas durante el confinamiento redujeron su práctica una vez que se relajaron las restricciones. Por tanto, los responsables de la formulación de políticas públicas deberían centrar su atención en los hombres y en las personas con menor nivel educativo en caso de futuras restricciones de movilidad.
Palabras clave: Ejercicio, participación, frecuencia, confinamiento, COVID-19
Abstract. This paper explores the effects of the lockdown measures on the population’s exercise patterns and aims to answer three questions: Were lockdown exercise patterns different from the ordinary patterns? What are the variables that explain the difference between ordinary habits and lockdown exercise frequency of participants? What are the correlates of the changes in post-lockdown exercise habits among people who exercised during lockdown? We estimated binary logits for participation and ordered logits to analyse frequency and the changes in sporting habits using the 2020 Spanish Survey of Sporting Habits. Our sample consisted of 5,154 observations, of which 3,060 people exercised at least once a month (59.4%) and 2,178 exercised during lockdown (42.3%). The results show that some determinants of the probability and frequency of exercising lost significance during lockdown. Moreover, women and higher-educated people exercised more frequently during lockdown –comparing to their ordinary habits– and women physically active during lockdown exercised less once mobility restrictions were lifted. According to our results, policy makers should focus their attention on men and lower-educated people in the event of future stay-at-home restrictions.
Keywords: Exercise, participation, frequency, lockdown, COVID-19
Citas
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