Bienestar psicológico y personalidad saludable en la práctica deportiva (Psychological well-being and healthy personality in sports practice)

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v61.106260

Palabras clave:

Práctica deportiva, bienestar psicológico, bienestar del deportista, psicología del deporte, psicología del ejercicio, rasgos de personalidad, Modelo de los Cinco Grandes.

Resumen

Este estudio investiga la relación entre la práctica deportiva, el bienestar psicológico y los rasgos de personalidad. Participaron 761 personas de España (80,6%) y Argentina (19,4%), de las cuales el 37,1% eran hombres y el 62,9% mujeres, con una edad media de 20,4 años (DT: 7,5). Entre ellos, el 70,8% realizaba actividades deportivas con regularidad, en contraste con el 29,2% que no lo hacía. Las Escalas de Bienestar Psicológico y el Cuestionario de Personalidad NEO-FFI fueron los instrumentos de evaluación elegidos para medir el bienestar psicológico y los rasgos de personalidad. El análisis de los datos consistió en pruebas t de Student y modelos de regresión lineal múltiple. Los resultados revelan puntuaciones más altas en cinco de las seis dimensiones del bienestar psicológico y rasgos de personalidad más saludables entre los sujetos que practican deporte. Se encontraron mejoras notables en Autoaceptación, Autonomía, Dominio del entorno, Crecimiento personal y Propósito de vida para los participantes en deportes, mientras que no se hallaron diferencias significativas en Relaciones positivas. Los rasgos de personalidad median significativamente entre la práctica deportiva y las dimensiones de bienestar psicológico. La Extraversión, la Apertura y la Conciencia correlacionan positivamente con las dimensiones de bienestar, mientras que el Neuroticismo incide negativamente en varios aspectos. Esta correlación corrobora estudios previos que destacan el papel de la personalidad en el deporte y el bienestar general.

Palabras clave: Práctica deportiva, bienestar psicológico, bienestar del deportista, psicología del deporte, psicología del ejercicio, rasgos de personalidad, Modelo de los Cinco Grandes.

Abstract. This study investigates the relationship between sports practice, psychological well-being, and personality traits. It involved 761 participants from Spain (80.6%) and Argentina (19.4%), comprising 37.1% men and 62.9% women, with a mean age of 20.4 years (SD: 7.5). Among them, 70.8% engaged in regular sports activities, contrasting with 29.2% who did not. The Scales of Psychological Well-being and the NEO-FFI were the assessment instruments chosen in order to measure psychological well-being and personality traits. Data analysis consisted of Student's t-tests and multiple linear regression models. The results reveal higher scores in five of six psychological well-being dimensions and healthier personality traits among subjects that engage in sports practice. Noteworthy enhancements were found in Self-acceptance, Autonomy, Environmental Mastery, Personal Growth, and Life Purpose for sports participants. Personality traits significantly mediate between sports practice and psychological well-being dimensions. Extraversion, Openness, and Conscientiousness correlate positively with well-being dimensions, while Neuroticism negatively impacts several aspects.

Keywords: Sports practice, psychological well-being, athlete well-being, sport psychology, exercise psychology, personality traits, Big Five Model.

Citas

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2024-10-02

Cómo citar

García-Peñas, V., López Martínez, O., Garcés de Los Fayos Ruiz, E., & Corbalán Berná, J. (2024). Bienestar psicológico y personalidad saludable en la práctica deportiva (Psychological well-being and healthy personality in sports practice). Retos, 61, 49–58. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v61.106260

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Artículos de carácter científico: trabajos de investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas