Efectos del entrenamiento de alta intensidad y la estimulación eléctrica sobre el dolor, la discapaci-dad, la cinemática de la rodilla y el rendimiento en el dolor femororrotuliano: un ensayo controlado aleatorio (Effects of High-intensity Training and Electrical Stimulation on Pain, Disability, Knee Kinematic and Performance in Patellofemoral Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v55.105913Palabras clave:
Estimulación muscular eléctrica, Rehabilitación, Musculoesquelética, Rodilla, Jugadores de BalonmanoResumen
El dolor patelofemoral (PFP) es un problema generalizado en los atletas que practican deportes de salto, corte y pivote. En este estudio participaron cuarenta y cuatro jugadores. Se dividieron en dos grupos: ejercicio más EMS (G1) y ejercicio sin EMS (G2), ambos con 12 mujeres y 10 hombres. El ejercicio realizado fue de 8 semanas de un programa de fuerza de alta intensidad durante 45-60 minutos, más una fase de enfriamiento y calentamiento. La escala analógica visual (EVA), la discapacidad (puntuación femororrotuliana de Kujala), el ángulo en valgo de la rodilla (KVA) y el salto con una sola pierna (SLH) se evaluaron antes (prueba previa) y después del entrenamiento (prueba posterior a las 8 semanas) utilizando un intervalo de -análisis entre grupos (ANOVA 2×2). Al inicio no se encontraron diferencias entre los grupos (p > 0,05). Después de la intervención, ambos grupos mejoraron EVA, KVA, SLH (p < 0,001) y discapacidad (p = 0,042). G1 mostró más mejoras que G2 en EVA (- 63,4 vs - 51,5 %, p = 0,021, 𝜂p2 = 0,13), discapacidad (+ 32,6 vs + 18,4 %, p = 0,001, 𝜂p2 = 0,52), KVA (+ 4,2 vs + 2,2 %, p = 0.016, 𝜂p2 = 0.214) y SLH (+ 12.3 vs + 6.0 %, p = 0.003, 𝜂p2 = 0.20) respectivamente. No se encontraron diferencias entre sexos para cada grupo. A pesar de que ambas intervenciones fueron válidas, el entrenamiento de fuerza de alta intensidad combinado con EMS mejoró el dolor, la discapacidad, la cinemática de la rodilla y el rendimiento de las extremidades inferiores más que el ejercicio solo en atletas profesionales de balonmano con PFP.
Palabras clave: Estimulación muscular eléctrica, Rehabilitación, Musculoesquelética, Rodilla, Jugadores de Balonmano
Abstract. Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is a widespread problem in athletes who participate in jumping, cutting, and pivoting sports. Forty-four players participated in this study. They were divided into two groups: exercise plus EMS (G1) and exercise without EMS (G2), both with 12 women and 10 men. The exercise performed was 8 weeks of a high-intensity strength program for 45-60 minutes, plus cooling and a warm-up phase. Visual analogue scale (VAS), disability (Kujala patellofemoral score), knee valgus angle (KVA) and single-leg hop (SLH) were tested before (pre-test) and after training (post-test at 8 weeks) using a within-between group analysis (ANOVA 2×2). At baseline, no differences between groups were found (p > 0.05). After the intervention, both groups improved VAS, KVA, SLH (p < 0.001), and disability (p = 0.042). G1 showed more improvements than G2 for VAS (- 63.4 vs - 51.5 %, p = 0.021, 𝜂p2 = 0.13), disability (+ 32.6 vs + 18.4 %, p = 0.001, 𝜂p2 = 0.52), KVA (+ 4.2 vs + 2.2 %, p = 0.016, 𝜂p2 = 0.214) and SLH (+ 12.3 vs + 6.0 %, p = 0.003, 𝜂p2 = 0.20) respectively. No differences were found between the sexes for each group. Despite both interventions being valid, high-intensity strength training combined with EMS improved pain, disability, knee kinematics, and lower extremity performance more than exercise alone in professional handball athletes with PFP.
Keywords: Electrical muscle stimulation, Rehabilitation, Musculoskeletal, Knee, Handball players
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