El impacto de diferentes combinaciones de entrenamiento pliométrico en el rendimiento físico: estudio experimental en estudiantes-atletas (The impact of different combinations of plyometric training on the physical performances: experimental study on student-athletes)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v58.105225Palabras clave:
Physical performance, plyometric training, power, speed, strength, stretch-shortening cycleResumen
El entrenamiento pliométrico (PT) se puede realizar en una variedad de tipos de ejercicios que involucran el ciclo de estiramiento-acortamiento (SSC) en las extremidades inferiores. Numerosas investigaciones han examinado el impacto del ejercicio pliométrico en diversos rendimientos deportivos en diversas poblaciones durante las últimas décadas. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar el efecto de los ejercicios pliométricos combinados sobre la fuerza, velocidad y potencia en estudiantes-atletas. Treinta y tres estudiantes atletas fueron clasificados en tres grupos experimentales y recibieron seis semanas de entrenamiento respetado y específico para su grupo: CS (salto continuo sobre tabla + saltos de patinador), TI (salto hacia abajo + entradas y salidas) y ST (entrenamiento convencional estándar). ). Se obtuvieron medidas pretest y postest de fuerza, potencia y velocidad. El análisis de los datos se realizó mediante el rango con signo de Wilcoxon y la prueba de Kruskall-Wallis para examinar las diferencias entre los grupos. La prueba de seguimiento se llevó a cabo utilizando Mann-Whitney siempre que se identificó una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los grupos. Se encontró que la fuerza aumentó significativamente después de realizar el PT durante seis semanas (p=0,000), y el CS mostró la mayor mejora. La diferencia entre grupos solo se encontró en la fuerza, que fue entre los pares CS-TI (p=0,000) y ST-TI (p=0,020). Con base en estos hallazgos, se concluyó que el entrenamiento pliométrico combinado realizado en seis semanas pudo mejorar la fuerza, la potencia y la velocidad en los estudiantes-atletas.
Palabras clave: Desempeño físico; entrenamiento pliométrico; fuerza; velocidad; fortaleza; ciclo de estiramiento-acortamiento
Abstract. Plyometric training (PT) can be performed in a variety type of exercises involving the stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) in lower limbs. Numerous research has examined the impact of plyometric exercise on various sport performances in various populations over the past few decades. The objective of this research is to analyse the effect of combined plyometric exercises on strength, speed, and power in student-athletes. Thirty-three student athletes were classified into three experimental groups and were given six weeks of respected training specific to their group: CS (continue board jump + skater hops), TI (tuck jump + ins and outs), and ST (standard conventional training). Pretest and posttest measures on strength, power, and speed were obtained. Data analysis was done using Wilcoxon signed rank and Kruskall-Wallis test to examine group differences. Follow up test was done using Mann-Whitney whenever a statistically significant different was identified between groups. It was found that strength increased significantly after PT was done for six weeks (p=0.000), with CS showed highest improvement. Between-group difference was only found in strength which were between CS-TI (p=0.000) and ST-TI (p=0.020) pairs. Based on these findings, it was concluded that combined plyometric trainings done in six weeks were able to improve strength, power, and speed in student-athletes.
Keywords: Physical performance; plyometric training; power; speed; strength; stretch-shortening cycle
Citas
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