Aspectos psicológicos asociados a la rehabilitación del LCA y las recidivas en futbolistas: una revisión sistemática (Psychological aspects associated with ACL rehabilitation and recurrence in football players: a systematic review)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v55.105115Palabras clave:
ligamento cruzado anterior (anterior cruciate ligament), RTP (RTP), lesión deportiva (sports injury), psicología (psychology), rehabilitación (rehabilitation)Resumen
Aunque la mayoría de los jugadores de fútbol recuperan una buena función física después de la cirugía del ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA), algunos no regresan a su deporte o al mismo nivel previo a la lesión, y existe el riesgo de recidivas. Por tanto, este estudio tuvo como objetivo examinar la investigación sobre los aspectos psicológicos de la rehabilitación del LCA y el retorno al juego (RTP), así como su influencia en las posibles recidivas en jugadores de fútbol y fútbol sala. La búsqueda se realizó utilizando las bases de datos Scopus, PubMed, WoS, CENTRAL y las fuentes de literatura gris DART-Europe y OpenGrey. Un total de nueve estudios cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Los resultados indicaron como factor psicológico más evaluado la disposición psicológica al RTP a través del Anterior Cruciate Ligament Return to Sport After Injury (ACL-RSI). Asimismo, las intervenciones psicológicas en futbolistas lesionados de LCA tienen efectos positivos sobre los estados de ánimo, reducen la percepción del dolor y el miedo a volver a lesionarse, entre otros. Los perfiles de riesgo para las recidivas incluyeron la vulnerabilidad al estrés y una alta disposición psicológica para el RTP. Por lo tanto, las intervenciones psicológicas deben incorporarse al proceso de rehabilitación y al cribado para identificar a los jugadores con riesgo de peores resultados o recidivas. Investigaciones adicionales ayudarían a comprender la influencia de otras variables o los niveles óptimos de disposición psicológica para el RTP.
Palabras clave: ligamento cruzado anterior; RTP; lesión deportiva; psicología; rehabilitación.
Abstract. Although most football players recover good physical function after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery, some do not return to their sport or to the same pre-injury level, and there is a risk of recurrence. Therefore, this study aimed to examine research on psychological aspects of ACL rehabilitation and Return to Play (RTP), as well as their influence on possible recurrence in football and futsal players. The search was conducted using the Scopus, PubMed, WoS, CENTRAL databases, and grey literature sources DART-Europe and OpenGrey. A total of nine studies met the inclusion criteria. The results indicated as the most evaluated psychological factor the psychological readiness to RTP through the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Return to Sport After Injury (ACL-RSI). Likewise, psychological interventions in ACL-injured football players have positive effects on mood states, reduces pain perception, and fear reinjury, among others. Risk profiles for recurrence included vulnerability to stress and high psychological readiness to RTP. Therefore, psychological interventions should be incorporated into the rehabilitation process and screening to identify players at risk for poor outcomes or recurrences. Additional research would help to understand the influence of other variables or optimal levels of psychological readiness to RTP.
Keywords: anterior cruciate ligament; RTP; sports injury; psychology; rehabilitation.
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