Conocimiento (anti) dopaje de los atletas: una revisión sistemática (Athletes’ (Anti) Doping Knowledge: A Systematic Review)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v56.105029Palabras clave:
Doping in sport, anti-doping, education, knowledge, athleteResumen
Esta revisión sistemática examina críticamente el alcance del conocimiento de los atletas sobre las regulaciones antidopaje, centrándose en la literatura de 2018 a 2022. Siguiendo las pautas PRISMA, analizamos bases de datos electrónicas que incluyen Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed y Google Scholar, lo que arrojó 4009 artículos, con 17 cumpliendo con nuestros criterios para un análisis en profundidad. Nuestros hallazgos revelan una disparidad significativa en la concienciación antidopaje entre diferentes disciplinas deportivas y regiones. En particular, la revisión destaca que, si bien algunos atletas demuestran una comprensión integral de las reglas antidopaje, una parte considerable sigue sin conocer aspectos cruciales, lo que podría conducir a violaciones de dopaje inadvertidas. La síntesis de los estudios seleccionados indica que los programas educativos actuales sobre antidopaje no están suficientemente diseñados para abordar las diversas necesidades de los atletas de todo el mundo. En consecuencia, abogamos por el desarrollo de intervenciones educativas específicas que se alineen con los distintos niveles de conocimiento existente entre los atletas. Al mejorar la especificidad y el alcance de la educación antidopaje, nuestro objetivo es capacitar a los atletas para que defiendan la integridad de los deportes y se adhieran al Código Mundial Antidopaje, mitigando así los riesgos del dopaje tanto intencional como no intencional.
Palabras clave: Dopaje en el deporte, antidopaje, educación, conocimiento, deportista.
Abstract. This systematic review critically examines the scope of athletes’ knowledge on anti-doping regulations, focusing on literature from 2018 to 2022. Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, we scrutinized electronic databases including Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar, yielding 4,009 articles, with 17 meeting our criteria for in-depth analysis. Our findings reveal a significant disparity in anti-doping awareness across different sports disciplines and regions. Notably, the review highlights that while some athletes demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of anti-doping rules, a considerable portion remains unaware of crucial aspects, potentially leading to inadvertent doping violations. The synthesis of the selected studies indicates that current educational programs on anti-doping are insufficiently tailored to address the diverse needs of athletes worldwide. Consequently, we advocate for the development of targeted educational interventions that align with the varying levels of existing knowledge among athletes. By enhancing the specificity and reach of anti-doping education, we aim to empower athletes to uphold the integrity of sports and adhere to the World Anti-Doping Code, thereby mitigating the risks of both intentional and unintentional doping.
Keywords: Doping in sport, anti-doping, education, knowledge, athlete.
Citas
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