Coordinación motora en relación con el peso y la edad en niños de primaria de Indonesia (Motor coordination in relation to weight status and age in primary school children in Indonesia)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v57.104807Palabras clave:
índice de masa corporal, coordinación motora, niños, obesidad, factor de edadResumen
Pocos estudios han evaluado la relación entre la coordinación motora y la composición corporal en niños. Este estudio investigó la relación entre la obesidad, el peso normal y el bajo peso en niños de 7 a 12 años de edad en Indonesia. En este estudio, se evaluó la idoneidad del Körperkoordinationstest Für Kinder (KTK3+) como herramienta de evaluación de la coordinación motora en 986 niños de primaria (485 niñas, 501 niños) de la provincia de Riau, Indonesia. Todos los niños realizaron cuatro subpruebas: barra de equilibrio (BB), salto lateral (JS), desplazamiento lateral (MS) y coordinación ojo-mano (EHC). El estado ponderal (bajo peso, peso normal, obesidad) se clasificó según los criterios de la OMS en niños de 5 a 19 años de edad. Se ha demostrado que la obesidad infantil influye negativamente en el rendimiento del KTK3+ (p = 0,001), con algunas influencias causadas por las características físicas, además de las necesidades de coordinación del cuerpo que causan los efectos más pronunciados del IMC. El cociente motor (MQ) está fuertemente relacionado con la edad. En los niños de peso normal se observó el mismo MQ en todos los grupos de edad (p = 0,400). Mientras tanto, el rendimiento de la coordinación motora de los niños obesos del grupo de mayor edad (de 10 a 12 años) era mucho mejor que el del grupo de menor edad (de 7 a 9 años) (p = 0,001). El estudio descubrió que las deficiencias motoras estaban presentes en el 17% de los niños con peso normal, pero aumentaban hasta el 28,1% en los niños obesos. Nuestros resultados mostraron que las diferencias en la coordinación motora asociadas al índice de masa corporal eran más pronunciadas en los niños mayores. Aunque se necesitan estudios longitudinales para consolidar estos hallazgos, se subraya la importancia de priorizar el desarrollo temprano de las habilidades motoras en los niños obesos para promover su compromiso con la actividad física.
Palabras clave: índice de masa corporal, coordinación motora, niños, obesidad, factor de edad
Abstract. Few studies have assessed the relationship between motor coordination (MC) and body composition in children. This study investigated the relationships among obesity, normal weight, and underweight in 7- to 12-year-old children in Indonesia. The suitability of the Körperkoordinationstest Für Kinder (KTK3+) as a MC assessment tool was evaluated in 986 primary school children (485 girls, 501 boys) from Riau Province, Indonesia. All children performed four subtests: balance beam, jumping sideways, moving sideways, and eye–hand coordination. Weight status (underweight, normal weight, or obese) was classified according to WHO criteria for children 5–19 years old. Childhood obesity was shown to negatively impact KTK3+ performance (p = 0.001), with some tests affected by physical characteristics and the body’s coordination needs causing the most pronounced body mass index (BMI) effects. Motor quotient (MQ) was strongly related to age. The same MQ was seen in normal-weight children across age groups (p = 0.400). Meanwhile, the MC performance of obese children in the older age group (10–12 years old) was much better than that of the lower age group (7–9 years old) (p = 0.001). We found that motor impairments were present in 17% of normal-weight children and 28.1% of obese children. Our results showed that the differences in MC associated with BMI were more pronounced in older children. While longitudinal studies are needed to solidify these findings, they underscore the importance of prioritizing early motor skill development in obese children to promote their engagement in physical activity.
Keywords: body mass index, motor coordination, children, obesity, age factor
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