Asociaciones entre la competencia motora y el riesgo de obesidad en adolescentes brasileños (Associations between motor competence and the risk of obesity in Brazilian adolescents)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v56.104130Palabras clave:
Desarollo motor, estado de peso, excesso de peso, actividad fisica, niñosResumen
Objetivo: Evaluar si la competencia motora se asocia con el riesgo de obesidad en adolescentes. Métodos: La muestra estuvo compuesta por 296 adolescentes (56,1% niñas) de 12 a 15 años reclutados en Río de Janeiro, Brasil. La competencia motora se evaluó mediante el Körperkoordinationtest fur kinder (KTK). Se utilizaron medidas del índice de masa corporal (IMC) para clasificar el estado de peso de los participantes. La actividad física se determinó mediante un validado cuestionario autoadministrado. Se ejecutaron modelos de regresión logística multinomial y binaria, ajustando los posibles factores de confusión (es decir, edad, sexo y actividad física), para examinar la asociación entre la competencia motora y el riesgo de obesidad. Resultados: Casi la mitad de los participantes (48%) presentó baja competencia motora. Entre los adolescentes con obesidad, el 92,9% presentó baja competencia motora. Además, la baja competencia motora se asoció con un mayor riesgo de tener sobrepeso (OR: 2,940, p=0,006) y obesidad (OR: 18,366, p<0,001), incluso después de ajustar por posibles factores de confusión. Por el contrario, los adolescentes con competencia motora adecuada tenían menos probabilidades de tener sobrepeso (OR: 0,340, p = 0,006) y obesidad (OR: 0,054, p<0,001). Conclusión: Tener una baja competencia motora puede ser un factor de riesgo para la obesidad, mientras que una adecuada competencia motora demostró ser un factor protector contra esta enfermedad. La obesidad pediátrica es multifactorial, incluidos los aspectos ambientales; sin embargo, este estudio demostró que la competencia motora parece ser importante para mantener un peso saludable en los jóvenes.
Palabras clave: desarrollo motor; estado de peso; exceso de peso; actividad física; adolescentes.
Abstract. Purpose: To assess whether motor competence is associated with the risk of obesity in adolescents. Methods: The sample consisted of 296 adolescents (56.1% girls) aged 12 to 15 years recruited from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Motor competence was assessed using the Körperkoordinationtest fur kinder (KTK). Body mass index (BMI) measures were used to classify the participants’ weight status. Physical activity was determined through a validated self-administered questionnaire. Multinomial and binary logistic regression models, adjusted for potential confounders (i.e. age, sex and physical activity), were executed to examine the association between motor competence and risk of obesity. Results: Almost half of participants (48%) presented low motor competence. Among adolescents with obesity, 92.9% showed low motor competence. In addition, low motor competence was associated with a higher risk to be overweight (OR: 2.940, p=.006) and obese (OR: 18.366, p<.001), even after adjusting for potential confounders. Conversely, adolescents with adequate motor competence were less likely to be overweight (OR: .340, p = .006) and obese (OR: .054, p<.001). Conclusion: Having low motor competence can be a risk factor for obesity, while adequate motor competence was a protective factor against this disease. Pediatric obesity is multifactorial, including environmental aspects, yet this study showed that motor competence seems to be important to maintaining a healthy weight status in youth.
Keywords: motor development; weight status; overweight; physical activity; children.
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