¿Cómo puede afectar el acoso a la imagen corporal? Una revisión sistemática para comprender la relación entre el acoso, la imagen corporal y los trastornos de conducta alimenticia (How can bullying affect body image? A systematic review to understand the relationship between bullying, body image and eating disorders)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v57.103689Palabras clave:
acoso escolar, trastornos de la conducta alimenticia, tca, trastornos alimenticios, imagen corporal, prevención, revisión sistemática, educación físicaResumen
Hoy en día el acoso escolar se ha convertido en uno de los mayores retos a los que se enfrentan los profesores de todo el mundo debido a las consecuencias que tiene sobre las víctimas a corto y largo plazo. Las consecuencias más comunes expresadas por las víctimas de bullying son ansiedad, depresión, problemas de socialización, baja autoestima y una percepción negativa de su imagen corporal. La perfección negativa de la imagen corporal tiene una relación muy fuerte con el desarrollo de trastornos de la conducta alimenticia (TCA). Debido a este hecho, es crucial estudiar la relación que pueden tener el acoso y los TCA. Utilizando el modelo PRISMA (Page et al., 2021) se ha desarrollado una revisión sistemática para probar esta relación. Tras la búsqueda y análisis de diferentes artículos, la muestra incluida y los instrumentos utilizados, se pudo concluir que ser víctima de bullying está relacionado con desarrollar un TCA. Por esta razón, es esencial crear programas de prevención en las escuelas que ayuden a profesores, padres y a los diferentes profesionales a enfrentarse a ambos problemas para mantener a los estudiantes seguros dentro y fuera de las aulas.
Palabras clave: acoso escolar; trastornos de conducta alimenticia; imagen corporal; revisión sistemática; educación física; prevención
Abstract. Nowadays bullying has become one of the biggest challenges faced by teachers all around the world due to the consequences it has on the victims in the long and short term. The most common consequences expressed by bullying victims are anxiety, depression, socialization problems, lower self-esteem, and a negative perception of their body image. The negative perfection of body image has a very strong relationship with the development of eating disorders. Due to this fact, it is crucial to study the relationship that bullying and eating disorders might have. By using PRISMA model (Page et al., 2021) a systematic review to prove this relationship has been developed. After searching and analyzing different articles, the included sample and the instruments used, it was possible to conclude that being a victim of bullying is related with developing an eating disorder. For this reason, it is crucial to create prevention programs at schools that help teachers, parents and the different professionals to face both problems as it is essential to keep students safe inside and outside the classroom.
Keywords: Bullying; eating disorders; body image; systematic review; physical education; prevention.
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