Prevención del delito mediante el diseño ambiental: Investigación numérica de los factores ambienta-les que impactan la seguridad en las instalaciones deportivas (Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design: Numerical investigation of environmental factors affecting security in sports facilities)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v54.103648Palabras clave:
Estadios, Gestión Deportiva, Eventos Deportivos, CPTED Enfoque, Redes NeuronalesResumen
Los deportes son una de las categorías más esenciales de las sociedades desarrolladas y en desarrollo, entre las cuales el fútbol, como deporte más popular del mundo, recibe especial atención por parte de los gobiernos. Por tanto, para incrementar la asistencia de público a los estadios, es necesario que los gestores identifiquen los factores que influyen en la asistencia de espectadores, tanto psicológicos e internos, como externos y ambientales, y diseñen e implementen un plan escrito y específico. estrategia y plan. Tener una sensación de seguridad es uno de los factores influyentes a la hora de generar satisfacción en la audiencia. Debido al elevado coste que supone la construcción de instalaciones y espacios deportivos, se deben cuidar muchos factores y variables, especialmente la correcta ubicación de dichos espacios, para permitir un acceso más fácil, una distribución más justa y una mayor seguridad. Por ello, esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar los factores ambientales que afectan la seguridad en las instalaciones deportivas con el enfoque de la prevención de delitos a través del diseño ambiental en los estadios. El instrumento de esta investigación es un cuestionario sobre seguridad en instalaciones deportivas con la efectividad de la prevención de delitos a través del diseño ambiental. Finalmente, se utilizó el método del sistema de redes neuronales artificiales en los software MATLAB (A 2018) y SPSS (V24) para analizar los datos y responder las preguntas de investigación. Los factores ambientales de acceso, luz e iluminación, legibilidad, visibilidad y vigilancia natural, reparación y mantenimiento, dinámica, trastornos funcionales y señales guía respectivamente tuvieron un efecto positivo en la seguridad y prevención de delitos a través del diseño ambiental en instalaciones deportivas. Por tanto, los directores deportivos y arquitectos deben prestar atención a estos indicadores en el diseño de estadios deportivos.
Palabras claves: Estadios, Gestión Deportiva, Eventos Deportivos, CPTED Enfoque, Redes Neuronales.
Abstract. Sports are one of the most essential categories of developed and developing societies, among which football, as the most popular sport in the world, receives special attention from governments. Therefore, to increase the attendance of people in stadiums, it is necessary for the managers to identify the factors influencing the attendance of spectators, both psychological and internal factors, as well as external and environmental factors, and to design and implement a written and specific strategy and plan. Having a sense of security is one of the influential factors in creating satisfaction in the audience. Due to the high cost of building sports facilities and spaces, care should be taken about many factors and variables, especially the correct location of such spaces, to enable easier access, fairer distribution, and greater security. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the environmental factors that affect security in sports facilities with the approach of crime prevention through environmental design in stadiums. The instrument in this research is a questionnaire on security in sports facilities with the effectiveness of crime prevention through environmental design. Finally, the artificial neural network system method was used in MATLAB (A 2018) and SPSS (V24) software to analyze the data and answer the research questions. Environmental factors of access, light and illumination, readability, visibility and natural surveillance, repair and maintenance, dynamics, functional disorders, and guide signs respectively had a positive effect on security and crime prevention through environmental design in sports facilities. Therefore, sports directors and architects must pay attention to these indicators in the design of sports stadiums.
Keywords: Stadiums, Sport Management, Sports Events, CPTED Approach, Neural Networks.
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