Distribución de cargas de entrenamiento y periodización en natación en aguas abiertas: una revisión sistemática (Distribution of training loads and periodization in open water swimming: A systematic review)

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v56.102741

Palabras clave:

Deporte. Actuación. Ejercicio de resistencia. Natación en aguas abiertas. Maratón acuático.

Resumen

El objetivo del presente estudio fue revisar sistemáticamente la literatura sobre el tema de la distribución de la carga de entrenamiento y la periodización en la natación en aguas abiertas. Las búsquedas se realizaron en las bases de datos PubMed, SportDiscus, Web of Science, Scopus, Lilacs y Scielo. El análisis de la información de los artículos se realizó mediante la lista de verificación de declaraciones STROBE y los datos se analizaron mediante la técnica de análisis de contenido categórico. La revisión incluyó 5 estudios publicados en el período de 2016 a 2022. Los atletas, de ambos sexos, que cubrían los niveles de competencia de élite y amateur fueron competidores en distancias de 5 a 25 km para los atletas de élite y 78 km para los atletas amateurs. La investigación se llevó a cabo en Italia (4) y Francia (1). Los resultados revelaron que se utilizó la periodización clásica, consistente en una distribución de carga piramidal y polarizada en la mayoría de los estudios (80%), así como que los atletas de élite reportaron una alta carga de trabajo semanal para el entrenamiento, de 22 a 28 horas con 70 a 85 km por semana. Asimismo, el estudio que investigó a deportistas amateurs presentó una carga de trabajo semanal de hasta 19 horas con 15 a 70 km semanales. Este estudio concluyó que faltan investigaciones que investiguen cuestiones relacionadas con el entrenamiento deportivo en deportistas aficionados y principiantes en la natación en aguas abiertas.

Palabras clave: Deporte. Actuación. Ejercicio de resistencia. Natación en aguas abiertas. Maratón acuático.

Abstract. The objective of the present study was to systematically review the literature on the topic of training load distribution and periodization in open water swimming. The searches were conducted in the databases PubMed, SportDiscus, Web of Science, Scopus, Lilacs and Scielo. The analysis of information from the articles was carried out using the STROBE statement checklist and the data was analyzed using the categorical content analysis technique. The review included 5 studies published in the period from 2016 to 2022. Athletes, of both sexes, covering the elite and amateur competition levels were competitors at distances of 5 to 25 km for elite athletes and 78 km for amateur athletes. . The research was carried out in Italy (4) and France (1). The results revealed that classical periodization was used, consisting of pyramidal and polarized load distribution in most studies (80%), as well as elite athletes reporting a high weekly workload for training, 22 to 28 hours with 70 to 85 km per week. Likewise, the study that investigated amateur athletes presented a weekly workload of up to 19 hours with 15 to 70 km per week. This study concluded that there is a lack of research investigating issues related to sports training in amateur athletes and beginners in open water swimming.

Keywords: Sport. Performance. Endurance Exercise. Open water swimming. Aquatic marathon.

 

Biografía del autor/a

Paulo Vitor Suto Aizava , Unicesumar, UMFG

Licenciatura plena em Educação Física pela Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM/PR; 2005). Especialista em Nutrição para Desportistas pela UNIARA (2019). Mestre (2011) e Doutor (2022) em Educação Física pelo Programa Associado de Pós-graduação UEM/UEL, na área de concentração Desempenho Humano e Atividade física com ênfase na linha de pesquisa Fatores Psicossociais e Motores Relacionados ao Desempenho Humano. Ministrou a disciplina de atletismo na UNIFAMMA (2011) e as disciplinas de análise estatística, medidas e avaliação em educação física, nutrição e metabolismo na atividade física, atividades de academia, produção do conhecimento, psicologia aplicada ao esporte e exercício, bases do treinamento desportivo, educação física infantil, basquetebol, futsal, futebol e socorros em educação física na Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM) no curso de graduação em Educação Física, entre 2011 e 2017. Atualmente é colaborador do Grupo de Estudos de Psicologia do Esporte e Desempenho Humano (GEPEDH/UEM), Grupo de Pesquisa em Promoção da Saúde no Envelhecimento (GPPSE/UniCesumar) revisor/parecerista de materiais didáticos, editor de seção da Revista Saúde e Pesquisa (UniCesumar), Pós Doutorando em Promoção da Saúde pelo Programa de Pós-graduação em Promoção da Saúde (PPGPS/UNICESUMAR), docente da UNATI/UniCesumar e da UMFG (Cianorte-PR).

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Publicado

2024-07-01

Cómo citar

Garcia , W. F. ., Soares Mendes Nunes, R., Nunes Carreira, C., & Vitor Suto Aizava, P. (2024). Distribución de cargas de entrenamiento y periodización en natación en aguas abiertas: una revisión sistemática (Distribution of training loads and periodization in open water swimming: A systematic review). Retos, 56, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v56.102741

Número

Sección

Artículos de carácter científico: trabajos de investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas