Electromiografía de superficie durante diferentes tipos de sentadillas. Una revisión narrativa (Surface electromyography during different types of squats. A narrative review)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v57.102670Palabras clave:
Electromiografía de superficie, EMGs, Electromiografía, Ejercicio, Sentadilla.Resumen
El objetivo de esta revisión narrativa es sintetizar la información recopilada en los últimos 10 años sobre la electromiografía de superficie durante la ejecución de la sentadilla tradicional, así como las estrategias que generen mayor activación en recto femoral, vasto lateral, vasto medial, glúteo mayor, y bíceps femoral. Métodos: En este estudio, se recopilaron artículos publicados entre 2013 y 2023 en inglés y español, provenientes de bases de datos como Pubmed, SportDiscus, Google Académico y Scielo. Estos artículos se enfocan en analizar la ejecución de la sentadilla y sus variaciones mediante el uso de electromiografía. Inicialmente, se encontraron un total de 340 artículos relacionados con el tema. Posterior al proceso de selección, involucrando criterios de inclusión y exclusión se obtuvieron 36 artículos en total. Resultados: Mientras los 36 artículos reportaban la sentadilla tradicional. Dentro de las estrategias destacadas para evaluar la activación muscular resalta la modificación de la carga, el tipo de resistencia, la profundidad, el número de repeticiones y fatiga, entre otras. Todas estas estrategias se aplicaron sobre la musculatura del recto femoral, vasto medial, vasto lateral, bíceps femoral y glúteo mayor. Conclusiones: Realizar mayor número de repeticiones y aumentar la carga levantada fueron las principales estrategias que generaron una mayor activación muscular. También la fase concéntrica y el sticking point fueron las fases de mayor activación. Hacen falta estudios que investiguen diferentes tipos de variaciones de sentadilla.
Palabras clave: Electromiografía de superficie, EMGs, Electromiografía, Ejercicio,Sentadilla.
Abstract. The aim of this narrative review is to synthesize the information collected in the last 10 years on surface electromyography during the performance of traditional, Bulgarian, and unilateral squats, as well as strategies that generate greater activation in rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, gluteus maximus, and biceps femoris. Methods: In this study, articles published between 2013 and 2023 in English and Spanish were collected from databases such as Pubmed, SportDiscus, Google Scholar, and Scielo. These articles focused on analyzing squat execution and its variations using electromyography. Initially, a total of 340 articles related to the topic were found. After the selection process, involving inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 36 articles were included. Results: Only five studies were related with the unilateral squat and only one article with the Bulgarian squat. Among the strategies highlighted to evaluate muscle activation, the modification of the load, type of resistance, depth, number of repetitions and fatigue, among others, stand out. All these strategies were applied on the rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris and gluteus maximus muscles. Conclusions: Performing a greater number of repetitions and increasing the load lifted were the main strategies that generated greater muscle activation. Concentric phase and sticking point were also the phases of greater activation. Studies investigating different types of squat variations are needed.
Keywords: Surface electromyography, EMGs, Electromyography, Exercise, Squat.
Citas
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