Protocolo de HRV No Invasivo y Nuevo Índice para Evaluar la Carga Interna Durante el Calentamiento en Baloncesto (Non-Invasive HRV Protocol and New Index to Assess Internal Training Load During Basketball Warm Up)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v54.102596Palabras clave:
HRV, Carga interna (Internal training load), Baloncesto (Basketball), Frecuencia cardiaca (Heart rate), Test submáximo (Submaximal test), SHRZResumen
El objetivo es establecer un protocolo específico, no invasivo, submáximo y aplicable día a día para evaluar la carga interna (IL) en jugadores de baloncesto, a través del análisis de la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca (HRV) antes de los entrenamientos o competición. Otro objetivo es proponer un nuevo índice de carga interna como parámetro estandarizado, para gestionar la carga interna antes de los entrenamientos o partidos. Doce jugadores amateurs de baloncesto (26.5 ± 8.8 años) completaron una prueba HRV antes de un ejercicio submaximo e intermitente (Activity Lay Up Wheel; ALUWIL 6min-test). Al día siguiente los jugadores realizaron una simulación de 5c5 (MATCH) durante 10 minutos. Se completaron registros de esfuerzo percibido (RPE), percepción de recuperación (TQR) y cuestionarios de bienestar, junto con registro continuos de frecuencia cardiaca. Los jugadores mostraron valores más altos en los parámetros de carga interna basados en la frecuencia cardiaca (sumatorio de las zonas de frecuencia cardiaca, SHRZ; e impulso de entrenamiento, TRIMP), valores más altos de RPE y más bajos de recuperación durante MATCH respecto a ALUWIL (p<0.01). El parámetro %SHRZ mostro mayores correlaciones que el SHRZ y TRIMP durante MATCH (p<0.001) y relaciones significativas con el parámetro RMSSD (raíz cuadrada del valor medio de la suma de las diferencias al cuadrado de todos los intervalos RR sucesivos) en la prueba HRV (p<0.05). Durante la prueba ALUWIL, %SHRZ mostró correlaciones más altas y fuertes con el RRmean (media de intervalos RR) que el SHRZ (-.807), pero más similares que el SHRZ con el RMSSD. En este contexto en particular, la prueba ALUWIL podría ofrecer información más fiable y aplicada, como un protocolo estandarizado e integrado para evaluar la carga interna en jugadores de baloncesto antes de los entrenamientos y competiciones, a través de parámetros cardiacos. El parámetro %SHRZ, así como RRMean y RMSSD podrían ser indicadores específicos para gestionar la carga interna en baloncesto. No obstante, más investigación es requerida para validar estas propuestas dentro de un contexto complejo.
Palabras clave: HRV, carga interna, baloncesto, frecuencia cardiaca, test submáximo, SHRZ.
Abstract. The aim is to establish an specific, non-invasive, sub-maximum and applicable day-to-day protocol to assess the internal training load (IL) for basketball players using Heart Rate Variability (HRV) analysis before practice or competitions. Another aim is to propose a new IL index as a standardized parameter (%), to manage IL before practice sessions or competition. Twelve amateur male basketball players (age: 26.5 ± 8.8 years) completed HRV tests before a submaximal and intermittent drill (Activity Lay Up Wheel; ALUWIL 6min-test). Players performed a 5on5 scrimmage (MATCH) the following day during 10 min, completing rate of perceived exertion (RPE), total quality recovery (TQR) and wellness questionnaires, and continuous heart rate recordings. Players showed higher values of IL parameters based on heart rate (summatory heart rate zones, SHRZ; and training impulse, TRIMP), higher RPE values and lower recovery values during MATCH than ALUWIL (p<0.01). The parameter % of summatory of heart rate zones (SHRZ) showed stronger correlations than SHRZ and TRIMP during MATCH (p<0.001), and significant relations with RMSSD (square of the mean root of the adjacent R-R intervals) during the HRV test (p<0.05). During the ALUWIL test, %SHRZ shows higher and stronger correlations than SHRZ with RRmean (mean of the R-R intervals) (-.807) but similar than SHRZ with RMSSD. In this specific context, ALUWIL test could offer reliable and applied information as a standardized and integrated protocol to assess internal training load in basketball players using cardiac parameters before practice and games. The parameters RRMean, RMSSD and %SHRZ could be a specific indicator for IL management on basketball. However, more research is needed to validate these proposals in a complex context.
Key words: HRV, internal training load, basketball, heart rate, submaximal test, SHRZ.
Citas
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