Efectos de la actividad física en adultos con obesidad severa: una revisión sistemática (Effects of physical activity in adults with severe obesity: a systematic review)

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v53.102511

Palabras clave:

Obesidad, Actividad Física, Ejercicio, Tratamiento Multiprofesional, Estilo de Vida, Conducta Sedentaria

Resumen

El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue identificar modos efectivos de ejercicio físico para optimizar la calidad de vida y salud de las personas afectadas por obesidad severa. Para realizar esta revisión sistemática se consultaron las bases de datos PubMed, Web of Science y Dimensions. Los criterios de inclusión abarcaron artículos originales disponibles públicamente, escritos en portugués, inglés o español, que abordaran protocolos de ejercicio dirigidos a personas con obesidad severa, con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 65 años y con un índice de masa corporal (IMC) igual o superior a 40 kg/m2. Los revisores evaluaron individualmente la calidad metodológica de los ensayos clínicos aleatorios (ECA) según la escala Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro). En los resultados se utilizaron como indicadores de desempeño medidas antropométricas, capacidad funcional, parámetros de aptitud física y calidad de vida. Se observó una notable heterogeneidad en los protocolos adoptados, que abarca variación en el número de sesiones, duración de la intervención, criterios de resultado y tamaño de la muestra, entre otros factores. Los resultados indicaron que los programas de intervención para obesidad severa, independientemente de la modalidad de entrenamiento, demostraron efectividad en la reducción de los parámetros antropométricos y la mejora de las variables bioquímicas. Además, estos programas alentaron la adopción de un estilo de vida más saludable por parte de personas afectadas por obesidad severa.

Palabras clave: Obesidad severa; Actividades físicas; ejercicio; Tratamiento multiprofesional; Estilo de vida; Comportamiento sedentario.

Abstract. The primary objective of this research was to identify effective modes of physical exercise to optimize the quality of life and health ofindividuals affected by severe obesity. To conduct this systematic review, the PubMed, Web of Science, and Dimensions databases were consulted. The inclusion criteria encompassed original articles publicly available, written in Portuguese, English, or Spanish, addressing exercise protocols targeted at individuals with severe obesity, aged between 18 and 65 years, and with a body mass index (BMI) equal to or greater than 40 kg/m2. The methodological quality of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) was individually assessed by reviewers based on the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. Anthropometric measurements, functional capacity, parameters of physical fitness, and quality of life were employed as performance indicators in the results. A notable heterogeneity was observed in the protocols adopted, encompassing variation in the number of sessions, intervention duration, outcome criteria, and sample size, among other factors. The results indicated that intervention programs for severe obesity, regardless of the training modality, demonstrated effectiveness in reducing various anthropometric parameters and improving biochemical variables. Additionally, these programs encouraged the adoption of a healthier lifestyle by individuals affected by severe obesity.

Keywords: Severe obesity; Activities Physical; Exercise; Multiprofessional treatment; Lifestyle; Sedentary Behavior.

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2024-04-01

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Regina de Sousa, T. ., Gabriel da Silva Alexandrino, W. ., Souza, A., Faundez-Casanova, C. ., Jane dos Santos Pascoini, M. ., Andréia Mochi Awada, M., de Paula, R. ., Merchan Ferraz Grizzo, F. ., Oltramari, K. ., Westphal-Nardo, G. ., & Nardo Junior, N. . (2024). Efectos de la actividad física en adultos con obesidad severa: una revisión sistemática (Effects of physical activity in adults with severe obesity: a systematic review). Retos, 53, 671–680. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v53.102511

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Revisiones teóricas sistemáticas y/o metaanálisis

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