Nivel de actividad física en preescolares y escolares chilenos durante la pandemia de covid-19 (Level of physical activity in chilean preschool and school children during the covid-19 pandemic)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v54.102268Palabras clave:
Actividad física, comportamiento sedentario, preescolar, escolar, madres, cuarentena.Resumen
El establecimiento de cuarentenas y la suspensión de clases producto de la pandemia de COVID-19, limitaron fuertemente las oportunidades de preescolares y escolares de mantenerse activos físicamente. El objetivo de esta investigación fue describir y comparar el nivel de actividad física auto reportado en preescolares y escolares chilenos durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Se reclutaron 551 niños (22,5%) y niñas (77,5%) residentes de las macrozonas norte, centro y sur de Chile, pertenecientes a los niveles escolares de transición menor y mayor, y primer ciclo escolar. Se aplicó el Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física (IPAQ). Los niveles de actividad física auto reportados fueron de 33,9%, 32,5% y 33,6% para las categorías de bajo, medio y alto, respectivamente. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (Prueba exacta de Fisher = 22,362; p= ,004) en el nivel de actividad física según la edad de la madre. El nivel de actividad física auto reportado en preescolares y escolares chilenos durante la pandemia de COVID-19 fue insuficiente. El rol y edad de la madre es clave en la modulación del nivel de actividad física realizado por sus hijos y es necesario indagar sobre esta relacion, madre-hijo, en la búsqueda de estrategias e intervenciones efectivas y eficientes que permitan fomentar la practica regular de actividad física en este grupo etario.
Palabras clave: Actividad física, comportamiento sedentario, preescolar, escolar, madres, cuarentena.
Abstract. The establishment of quarantines and the suspension of classes as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic greatly limited the opportunities for preschool and school-aged children to stay physically active. The aim of this research was to describe and compare the self-reported levels of physical activity in Chilean preschool and school-aged children during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 551 children (22.5% boys and 77.5% girls) from the northern, central, and southern macrozones of Chile were recruited, belonging to the educational levels of lower and upper kindergarten, and the first educational cycle. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used. The self-reported physical activity levels were 33.9%, 32.5%, and 33.6% for low, medium, and high categories, respectively. Statistically significant differences (Fisher's exact test = 22.362; p = 0.004) were found in the level of physical activity according to the mother's age. The self-reported level of physical activity in Chilean preschoolers and schoolchildren during the COVID-19 pandemic was insufficient. The role and age of the mother are key in modulating the level of physical activity of their children, and it is necessary to investigate this mother-child relationship in the search for effective and efficient strategies and interventions that encourage the regular practice of physical activity in this age group.
Keywords: Physical activity, sedentary behavior, preschool, school-aged, mothers, quarantine.
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