Nivel de intensidad en sesiones de crosstraining en mujeres obesas: un estudio del mundo real (Intensity level in crosstraining sessions in obese women: a real-world study)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v58.102089Palabras clave:
Ritmo cardiaco, presiones aórticas, Entrenamiento de intervalos de alta intensidad, Deporte, Obesidad, CrosstrainingResumen
Objetivo: Los objetivos fueron medir las respuestas psicofisiológicas durante las sesiones de entrenamiento cruzado en mujeres obesas, centrándose en la frecuencia cardíaca (FC), la presión arterial (PA), el gasto calórico y el esfuerzo percibido (RPE). Además, examinó la relación entre el gasto calórico y la intensidad del esfuerzo. Métodos: Este estudio observacional del mundo real involucró a diez mujeres obesas (edad promedio: 31,5 ± 6,2 años, IMC: 34,2 ± 3,7 kg/m², experiencia en entrenamiento cruzado: 5,3 ± 3,4 meses). Los participantes se sometieron a tres sesiones individuales de entrenamiento cruzado. Se registraron el tipo de entrenamiento y la duración de cada sesión. Se midió la PA antes y después, junto con la FC en reposo, la FC promedio, la FC máxima y el RPE post-entrenamiento. Se calculó la carga interna y el gasto calórico. Resultados: Entre las 30 sesiones observadas, no hubo diferencias significativas en la duración del entrenamiento por tipo. El gasto calórico promedió 272,3 ± 76 kcal. La PA sistólica aumentó significativamente (de 129 ± 8 mmHg a 160 ± 16,5 mmHg), al igual que la PA diastólica (de 90,3 ± 6,7 mmHg a 113,6 ± 14,9 mmHg, p < 0,001). La FC media fue de 136,9 ± 14,8 lpm (73,6 ± 7,3% de la FCmáx) y la FC máxima alcanzó 181,9 ± 12,1 lpm (97,8 ± 6,1% de la FCmáx). Los participantes pasaron más tiempo en o por encima del 80% de la FCmáx prevista. El RPE medio fue de 5,7 ± 2,2 au, lo que se correlaciona significativamente con el tiempo de ejercicio por encima de ≥90% de la FCmáx (r = 0,37; p = 0,046, tamaño del efecto = 0,39). Conclusiones: Las sesiones de entrenamiento cruzado en mujeres obesas elevaron la PA, indujeron un alto gasto calórico e impusieron demandas cardiorrespiratorias significativas, clasificándose estas sesiones como de alta intensidad. Esta intensidad se correlaciona estrechamente con el gasto energético.
Palabras clave: Frecuencia Cardiaca; Presiones Aórticas; Entrenamiento de Intervalos de Alta Intensidad; Deporte; Obesidad; Crosstraining.
Abstract. Objective: The objectives were to measure psychophysiological responses during crosstraining sessions in obese women, focusing on heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), caloric expenditure, and perceived effort (RPE). Additionally, it examined the relationship between caloric expenditure and effort intensity. Methods: This real-world observational study involved ten obese women (average age: 31.5 ± 6.2 years, BMI: 34.2 ± 3.7 kg/m², crosstraining experience: 5.3 ± 3.4 months). Participants underwent three individual crosstraining sessions. Each session's training type and duration were recorded. BP was measured before and after, along with HR at rest, average HR, peak HR, and RPE post-workout. Internal load and caloric expenditure were calculated. Results: Among 30 observed sessions, there were no significant differences in training duration by type. Caloric expenditure averaged 272.3 ± 76 kcal. Systolic BP increased significantly (from 129 ± 8 mmHg to 160 ± 16.5 mmHg), as did diastolic BP (from 90.3 ± 6.7 mmHg to 113.6 ± 14.9 mmHg, p < 0.001). Mean HR was 136.9 ± 14.8 bpm (73.6 ± 7.3% of HRmax), and peak HR reached 181.9 ± 12.1 bpm (97.8 ± 6.1% of HRmax). Participants spent more time at or above 80% of predicted HRmax. Mean RPE was 5.7 ± 2.2 a.u., significantly correlating with exercise time above ≥90% of HRmax (r = 0.37; p = 0.046, effect size = 0.39). Conclusions: Crosstraining sessions in obese women raised BP, induced high caloric expenditure, and imposed significant cardiorespiratory demands, classifying these sessions as high-intensity. This intensity closely correlates with energy expenditure.
Keywords: Heart Rate; Aortic Pressures; High-Intensity Interval Training; Sport; Obesity; Crosstraining.
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