Prácticas de entrenamiento de fuerza en deportes de equipo (Strength Training Practices in Team Sports)

Autores/as

  • Eduardo José Fernández-Ozcorta Facultad de Educación, Psicología y Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Huelva, Avda. Tres de marzo s / n, 21071 Huelva, España http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9823-1306
  • Rafael Ramos-Véliz Departamento de Actividad Física y Deportes, Centro de Estudios Universitarios Cardenal Spínola CEU, Universidad de Sevilla Centro Adjunto-España, 41930 Bormujos, España https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3224-9615
  • David Ibrahim Nour-Frías Centro de entrenamiento "La Cancha Inclusiva" https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4764-7773

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v51.100966

Palabras clave:

revisión narrativa, preparación física, planificación del entrenamiento, deporte profesional

Resumen

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue conocer qué prácticas emplean los entrenadores y los preparadores físicos de los deportes de equipo para el entrenamiento de fuerza. El entrenamiento de fuerza en estos deportes tiene como objetivos principales mejorar el rendimiento y prevenir lesiones. En el siguiente trabajo se llevó a cabo una revisión narrativa de los diferentes trabajos que han explorado las prácticas de fuerza en los deportes de equipo. Los datos muestran que, los preparadores físicos, emplean evaluaciones para medir la condición física, incluyendo la composición corporal, fuerza muscular y potencia. Asimismo, los métodos de evaluación incluyen pruebas de fuerza dinámica máxima, potencia máxima propulsiva, fuerza reactiva y valoraciones funcionales de movimiento. Además, los métodos de entrenamiento de fuerza incluyen resistencia variable, entrenamiento balístico, pliometría, entrenamiento complejo, levantamientos olímpicos, resistencia neumática y sobrecarga excéntrica. En relación con estos, las variables de la sesión de entrenamiento, como frecuencia, volumen, series y repeticiones, varían según la etapa de la temporada. De igual forma, se mencionan varios ejercicios fundamentales para miembros inferiores y superiores, así como métodos de monitorización y evaluación de fuerza excéntrica y perfiles de fuerza-velocidad-potencia. En resumen, la elaboración minuciosa de un plan de entrenamiento de fuerza que considere diversos aspectos, como métodos, ejercicios, frecuencia, series y variables monitorizadas, resulta fundamental para optimizar el rendimiento físico de los atletas. Sin embargo, se observan disparidades entre naciones y disciplinas deportivas en lo que respecta a las prácticas recomendadas, subrayando la importancia de una mayor difusión de conocimientos y evidencia científica.

Palabras clave: revisión narrativa; preparación física; planificación del entrenamiento; deporte profesional.

Abstract. The aim of this study was to determine the practices used by coaches and strength and conditioning professionals in team sports for strength training. The primary goals of strength training in these sports are to improve performance and prevent injuries. In the following work, a narrative review of the different works that have explored strength training practices in team sports was carried out. The findings reveal that strength and conditioning professionals employ assessments to measure physical fitness, including body composition, muscular strength, and power. Evaluation methods include maximal dynamic strength tests, maximal propulsive power, reactive strength, and functional movement assessments. Additionally, strength training methods encompass variable resistance, ballistic training, plyometrics, complex training, Olympic lifts, pneumatic resistance, and eccentric overload. Regarding training sessions, variables such as frequency, volume, sets, and repetitions vary according to the stage of the season. Furthermore, fundamental exercises for lower and upper limbs are mentioned, along with monitoring methods and assessment of eccentric strength and strength-velocity-power profiles. In conclusion, the careful development of a strength training plan, taking into account various aspects such as methods, exercises, frequency, sets and monitored variables, is crucial for optimising the physical performance of athletes. However, there are differences between countries and sports in terms of recommended practices. This highlights the need for greater dissemination of knowledge and scientific evidence.

Keywords: narrative review; physical preparation; training planning; professional sport

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Publicado

2024-01-01

Cómo citar

Fernández-Ozcorta, E. J., Ramos-Véliz, R. ., & Nour-Frías, D. I. . (2024). Prácticas de entrenamiento de fuerza en deportes de equipo (Strength Training Practices in Team Sports). Retos, 51, 1395–1403. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v51.100966

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Experiencias didácticas desarrollas e investigadas con trabajo empírico