Entrenamiento pliométrico en jugadores de fútbol: Una Revisión Sistemática (The Football Players on Plyometric Exercise: A Systematic Review)

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v51.100800

Palabras clave:

athlete, performance, football, plyometric, training

Resumen

Para alcanzar el máximo rendimiento en el ámbito deportivo es necesario que los participantes desarrollen un alto nivel de condición física. Entre los aspectos claves de la condición física, se encuentra tanto el nivel físico como la eficacia del movimiento, especialmente en aquellos deportes de alta demanda muscular. En el caso del fútbol, uno de los deportes más practicados, la exigencia de movimientos explosivos es máxima: tiro a puerta, acciones defensivas, saltos, carreras y cambios de dirección a la máxima velocidad. La efectividad del entrenamiento, por tanto, se vuelve crucial para poder alcanzar el éxito en dicho deporte. Este artículo presenta una revision sistemática de estudios que han utilizado el entrenamiento pliométrico para mejorar el rendimiento en el fútbol. Para la búsqueda y selección de artículos, se emplearon las palabras clave entrenamiento pliométrico, aptitud física y fútbol de alto rendimiento utilizando la base de datos de Google Scholar, PubMed Central y Science Direct. Se obtuvieron y analizaron 13 artículos desde 2013 hasta 2022. Los resultados de la búsqueda se ordenaron según el formato de P (Población), I (Intervención), C (Comparación), R (Resultado). La revisión concluyó que hubo una mejora en el nivel de agilidad, velocidad, fuerza, potencia explosiva, aptitud física, resistencia aeróbica y potencia anaeróbica en el rendimiento físico de los jugadores de fútbol. Los objetivos y cargas de cada sesión de entrenamiento deben adaptarse a través del entrenamiento pliométrico, manteniendo dicho trabajo con regularidad para reducir el riesgo de lesiones. Según los resultados analizados en la presente revisión, un programa de entrenamiento pliométrico, con una duración de 6 a 10 semanas con 2 a 3 sesiones por semana, puede mejorar el rendimiento físico al aumentar la fuerza explosiva del tren inferior de los jugadores, sus habilidades físicas específicas y la resistencia. Los ejercicios pliométricos se categorizan según niveles de intensidad, como bajo, moderado y alto, y afectan positivamente la fuerza de tren inferior, la velocidad explosiva, la potencia, la capacidad aeróbica, la composición corporal, la flexibilidad y la resistencia muscular en jugadores de élite y pueden personalizarse para objetivos específicos como la mejora de la velocidad o la fuerza.

Palabras clave: Entrenamiento; Fuerza; Futbolistas; Fútbol; Pliometría.

Abstract. Achieving peak performance in sports necessitates athletes having a high level of physical fitness. Among the key physical components, both overall fitness and movement fitness play significant roles in competitive sports, particularly those involving muscles. Football, a globally popular sport, demands explosive movements like kicking, tackling, jumping, sprinting, and rapid changes in direction. Training effectiveness is crucial for attaining success in football matches. This paper focuses on investigating studies that utilize plyometric training to enhance football performance. In order to search for articles, using the keywords plyometric training, physical fitness, performance football by using database from Google Scholar, PubMed Central, and Science Direct. 13 articles were obtained and analyzed from 2013 to 2022. Search results were arranged based on the format of P (Population), I (Intervention), C (Comparison), O (Outcome). A review of 13 articles concluded that there was an improved level of agility, speed, strength, explosive power, physical fitness, aerobic endurance, acceleration power, on the physical performance of football players. The goals and demands of each training session must be adapted through plyometric training, and each exercise can then be performed regularly to reduce the possibility of injury. Based on the results of the review, plyometric training has been extensively studied to understand its impact on football players. The training program, lasting 6-10 weeks with 2-3 sessions per week, can enhance physical performance by increasing explosive lower body strength, specific physical abilities, and endurance. Plyometric exercises come in different intensity levels, such as low, moderate, and high, and positively affect leg strength, explosive speed, power, aerobic capacity, body composition, flexibility, and muscle endurance in elite athletes and can be customized to target specific goals like speed or strength enhancement, benefiting football players.

Keywords: Athlete; Performance; Football; Plyometric Training.

Citas

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Publicado

2024-01-01

Cómo citar

Firmansyah, A., Reza Aziz Prasetya, M., Arif Al Ardha, M. . ., Ayubi, N., Bayu Putro, A., Cholik Mutohir, T., V Garcia Jimenez, J. ., & Nanda Hanief, Y. (2024). Entrenamiento pliométrico en jugadores de fútbol: Una Revisión Sistemática (The Football Players on Plyometric Exercise: A Systematic Review). Retos, 51, 442–448. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v51.100800

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Revisiones teóricas sistemáticas y/o metaanálisis

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