The gender gap in religiosity in Spain: the role of educational attainment and social position
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22325/fes/res.2026.293Keywords:
gender gap, gender differences, religiosity, religious belief, Sociology of ReligionAbstract
Women’s higher levels of religiosity in Christian-majority countries are well documented, but the mechanisms underlying this pattern remain contested. A common hypothesis is that the gender gap in religiosity narrows as women’s social position improves relative to men’s. This article tests this proposition for Spain by estimating binomial logistic regression models of the probability of self-identifying as a believer, using data on 114,122 individuals surveyed in 2024. We examine the moderating role of educational attainment, occupational status and type of unpaid activity. The results show that, under more favorable educational and socioeconomic conditions, women’s religiosity converges towards that of men, thereby reducing the gender gap.
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