El factor explicativo de la orientación sexual en el comportamiento político y electoral en España (2016-2021)

José María Ramírez Dueñas

doi:10.22325/fes/res.2022.135

Autores/as

José María Ramírez Dueñas Departamento de Sociología I: Teoría, Metodología y Cambio Social. Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED) http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4760-4034

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22325/fes/res.2022.135

Palabras clave:

Orientación sexual, participación electoral, voto, identificación ideológica, España

Resumen

La investigación sociológica sobre los efectos de la orientación sexual en el comportamiento político y las actitudes electorales ha sido escasa; en España, casi inexistente. En el presente texto, bajo el contexto del aumento de los análisis sobre la importancia de los procesos de identidad en el voto, se pretende analizar el impacto de la orientación sexual en tres cuestiones: 1) participación política, 2) ideología y 3) identificación partidista de las personas LGBA+ (lesbianas, gays, bisexuales y otras orientaciones sexuales); y si existen diferencias significativas con los individuos heterosexuales. En base a dos encuestas del Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas de los años 2016 y 2021, los resultados permiten corroborar que las personas LGBA+ participan más electoralmente, están posicionadas más a la izquierda del eje ideológico y votan con mayor probabilidad a partidos progresistas. De este modo, el presente trabajo pone de relieve la importancia de la orientación sexual en la investigación social y muestra que estas diferencias entre heterosexuales y no heterosexuales pueden ser determinantes en nuestras campañas electorales y sistemas políticos.

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