Freedom, security and exclusion: the experience of gated communities in Honduras
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37230/CyTET.2021.209.10Keywords:
Gated communities, Public safety, Perception of safety, Criminality, CoexistenceAbstract
The purpose of this research was to understand the perceptions and experiences of the inhabitants of Distrito Central (Honduras), regarding gated communities. A qualitative method was used, collecting information through open interviews. Living in gated communities is perceived as a safe option, with a lower crime vulnerability, providing protection for private property, and allowing outdoor interactions. Residents believe gated communities are an essential security strategy; however, those who do not live in them complain about the closure of public streets. In addition, there is an ambivalent perception regarding freedom in gated communities: some inhabitants perceive they have freedom of movement inside the community, but others experience feelings of lockdown and vigilance. Closure and surveillance have economic costs that are not accessible to all.
References
Abate-Flores, C. & Urtecho-Osorto, Ó. & Landa-Blanco, M. & Ávila Flores, J. & Reyes Flores, L. (2020): Implicaciones teóricas y prácticas de la adopción del Modelo de Servicio de Policía Comunitaria en Honduras. Revista Logos, Ciencia & Tecnología, 12(2), 87-98. https://doi.org/10.22335/rlct.v12i2.1137
Acuerdo 0218. (2014): Diario Oficial La Gaceta de la República. Tegucigalpa, Honduras, 27 de febrero de 2014.
Bonilla, D., & Vizcarra, S. (2016): Inseguridad y mecanismos barriales de protección en el Perú urbano. URVIO: Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios de Seguridad(19), 37-52. https://www.redalyc.org/jatsRepo/5526/552656689003/index.html
Breetzke, G., & Cohn, E. (2013): Burglary in Gated Communities: An Empirical Analysis Using Routine Activities Theory. International Criminal Justice Review, 23(1), 56-74. https://doi.org/10.1177/1057567713476887
Calllies, D. L., Franzese, P. A., & Guth, H. K. (2002): Urbanizaciones "encerradas" pactos y problemas. Ciudad Y Territorio Estudios Territoriales (CyTET), 34(133-4), 473-490. https://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/CyTET/article/view/75289
Carrera Hernández, A. (2012): Los barrios cerrados en la región interoceánica metropolitana de Panamá. Tareas(141), 5-30. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=535055524002
Chahín, I. (2013): Caracterización de las Urbanizaciones Cerradas como Fenómeno Residencial Emergente en la Ciudad del Distrito Central, Honduras. https://tzibalnaah.unah.edu.hn/bitstream/handle/123456789/11443/Tesis%20Caracterizaci%C3%B3n%20de%20las%20Urbanizaciones.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y
Consejo Ciudadano para la Seguridad Pública y la Justicia Penal. (2020): Metodología del ranking (2019) de las 50 ciudades más violentas del mundo. http://www.seguridadjusticiaypaz.org.mx/sala-de-prensa/1589-metodologia-del-ranking-2019-de-las
Coy, M., & Pöhler, M. (2002): Gated Communities in Latin American Megacities: Case Studies in Brazil and Argentina. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 29(3), 355-370. https://doi.org/10.1068%2Fb2772x
García Ojeda, M., & Zambrano Constanzo, A. (2005): Seguridad ciudadana: el aporte de las metodologías implicativas. Revista de Piscología, 14(2), 63-79. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/264/26414205.pdf
Hedayati Marzbali, M. & Abdullah, A. & Razak, N. & Maghsoodi, M. (2012): The influence of crime prevention through environmental design on victimisation and fear of crime. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 32(2), 79-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2011.12.005
Landa-Blanco, M. & Cheon, H. & Reyes Flores, L. & Spohn, C. & Katz, C. (2020): Violence in Honduras from 2008 to 2018. Injury Prevention, 26(2), 191-193. https://doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043536
Leal Maldonado, J., & García-Bellido García De Diego, J. (2002): El crecimiento universal de la ciudad excluyente. Ciudad y Territorio Estudios Territoriales (CyTET), 34(133-4), 453-456. https://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/CyTET/article/view/75287
Malizia, M. (2012): La seguridad en las urbanizaciones cerradas, mito o realidad: el caso de Yerba Buena, Argentina. Ciudad y Territorio Estudios Territoriales (CyTET), 44(172), 335-347. https://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/CyTET/article/view/76131
Manning, M., & Fleming, C. (2017): The economics of private security expenditure: The influence of perceptions of crime. Security Journal, 30, 401-416. https://doi.org/10.1057/sj.2014.24
Méndez Sáinz, E. (2002): Urbanismo y arquitectura del miedo. Reflexiones sobre los fraccionamientos residenciales cerrados en México. Ciudad y Territorio Estudios Territoriales (CyTET), 34(133-4), 491-501. https://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/CyTET/article/view/75290
Milena Buerbano, A. (2009): La convivencia ciudadana: su análisis a partir del “aprendizaje por reglas”. Revista Colombiana de Educación(57), 28-45. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/4136/413635251003.pdf
Mohamed Salah, N., & Ayad, H. (2018): Why people choose gated communities: A case study of Alexandria metropolitan area. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 57(4), 2743-2753. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2017.10.008
Observatorio Nacional de la Violencia. (2018): Percepción ciudadana sobre inseguridad y victimización en Honduras. Instituto Universitario en Democracia, Paz y Seguridad. Tegucigalpa: UNAH.
Observatorio Nacional de la Violencia. (2019): Boletín Nacional Enero a Diciembre 2018. Boletín, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Instituto Universitario en Democracia, Paz y Seguridad, Tegucigalpa. https://iudpas.unah.edu.hn/dmsdocument/8198-boletin-nacional-enero-a-diciembre-2018-ed-no-52
Observatorio Nacional de la Violencia. (2020): Boletín especial sobre homicidios en Honduras, 2019. https://iudpas.unah.edu.hn/dmsdocument/9770-boletin-especial-nacional-enero-a-diciembre-2019
Pino Fernández, A. (2013): Vivienda social en la zona metropolitana de Guadalajara. Geocalli, 27(1), 13-60.http://www.geografia.cucsh.udg.mx/sites/default/files/geocalli_14-27.pdf)
Piza, E. & Welsh, B. & Farrington, D. & Thomas, A. (2019): CCTV surveillance for crime prevention: A 40‐year systematic review with meta‐analysis. Criminology & Public Policy, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9133.12419
Pow, C.-P. (2013): Consuming private security: Consumer citizenship and defensive urbanism in Singapore. Theoretical Criminology, 17(2), 179-196. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362480612472782
Programa Recreovías por la Prevención para una Vida Mejor. (2019): Recreovías. https://recreoviashn.com/
Pulido Chaparro, S. C. (2016): Las diferentes aproximaciones al estudio de los barrios en las ciencias sociales. Investigación y Desarrollo, 4(2), 411-443. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/268/26850086009.pdf
Reynald, D. (2015): Environmental Design and Crime Events. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 31(1), 71-89. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043986214552618
Rodríguez Chumillas, I. (2006): Vivienda social latinoamericana: la clonación del paisaje de la exclusión. Arquitectura, Ciudad y Entorno, 1(2). https://upcommons.upc.edu/bitstream/handle/2099/2022/TEM_isabelrodriguez_ARTICULO.pdf
Rodríguez Chumillas, I. (2002): Urbanizaciones cerradas en Latinoamérica. Ciudad y Territorio Estudios Territoriales (CyTET), 34(133-4), 459-472. https://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/CyTET/article/view/75288
Rogers, C. (2018): Alley-gates and domestic burglary: Findings from a longitudinal study in urban South Wales. The Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles, 91(1), 5-21. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032258X16683696
Roitman, S. (2003): Barrios cerrados y segregación social urbana. Scipta Nova: Revista Electrónica de Geografía y Ciencias Sociales, 7(146). Obtenido de http://www.ub.edu/geocrit/sn/sn-146(118).htm
Rojo Mendoza, F., & Henríquez Haste, G. (2010): Imaginarios sociales urbanos vinculados a barrios cerrados en el Gran Concepción, Chile. Sociedad Hoy, 18, 65-83. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/902/90223045006.pdf
Ruiz-Tagle, J. (2016): La persistencia de la segregación y la desigualdad en barrios socialmente diversos: un estudio de caso en La Florida, Santiago. EURE, 42(125), 81-107. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0250-71612016000100004
Schettini, P., & Cortazzo, I. (2015): Análisis de datos cualitativos en la investigación social. Procedimientos y herramientas para la interpretación de información cualitativa. Buenos Aires: Editorial de la Universidad de La Plata.http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/bitstream/handle/10915/49017/Documento_completo.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Shamsuddin, S. & Zaini, K. & Bashri Sulaiman, A. (2014): Effectiveness of Gated Communities in Providing Safe Environments for Children’s Outdoor Use. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 140, 77-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.04.389
Sidebottom, A. &Tompson, L. & Thornton, A. & Bullock, K. & Tilley, N. & Bowers, K. & Johnson, S. (2018): Gating Alleys to Reduce Crime: A Meta-Analysis and Realist Synthesis. Justice Quarterly, 35(1), 55-86. https://doi.org/10.1080/07418825.2017.1293135
Svampa, M. (2001): Los que ganaron: La vida en los contries y barrios privados. Buenos Aires: Biblos.https://scielo.conicyt.cl/pdf/eure/v29n88/art10.pdf
Svampa, M. (2004): Fragmentación espacial y procesos de integración social hacia arriba: socialización, sociabilidad y ciudadanía. Espiral, 11(31), 55-84. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/138/13803103.pdf
Tasa de Seguridad Poblacional. (6 de marzo de 2018): Parques para una Vida Mejor. https://www.tasadeseguridad.hn/proyecto.php?p=18
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2019): Global Study on Homicide: Homicide trends, patterns and criminal justice response. https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/gsh/Booklet2.pdf
Vesselinov, E. (2012): Segregation by Design: Mechanisms of Selection of Latinos and Whites into Gated Communities. Urban Affairs Review, 48(3), 417-454. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078087411429928
Welsh, B. &Piza, E. & Thomas, A. & Farrington, D. (2019): Private Security and Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV) Surveillance: A Systematic Review of Function and Performance. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 36(1), 56-69. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043986219890192
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Óscar Urtecho-Osorto, Miguel Landa-Blanco, Gabriela María Vásquez-González, Daniela María Vásquez-González
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-nd/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Considering the provisions of the current legislation on Intellectual Property, and in accordance with them, all authors publishing in CyTET give -in a non-exclusive way and without time limit- to the Ministry of Transport, Mobility and Urban Agenda the rights to disseminate, reproduce, communicate and distribute in any current or future format, on paper or electronic, the original or derived version of their work under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivative 4.0 license International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), as well as to include or assign to third parties the inclusion of its content in national and international indexes, repositories and databases, with reference and recognition in any case of its authorship.
In addition, when sending the work, the author(s) declares that it is an original work in which the sources that have been used are recognized, committing to respect the scientific evidence, to no longer modify the original data and to verify or refute its hypothesis. Author(s) also declare that the essential content of the work has not been previously published nor will it be published in any other publication while it is under evaluation by CyTET; and that it has not been simultaneously sent to another journal.
Authors must sign a Transfer of Rights Form, which will be sent to them from the CyTET Secretariat once the article is accepted for publication.
With the aim of promoting the dissemination of knowledge, CyTET joins the Open Journal Access (OA) movement and delivers all of its content to various national and international indexes, repositories and databases under this protocol; therefore, the submission of a work to be published in the journal presupposes the explicit acceptance by the author of this distribution method.
Authors are encouraged to reproduce and host their work published in CyTET in institutional repositories, web pages, etc. with the intention of contributing to the improvement of the transfer of knowledge and the citation of said works.