Fiabilidad y validez del cuestionario SAPF y del pictograma de Stunkard en población mayor española
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23938/ASSN.0956Palabras clave:
Autopercepción, Cuestionario, Forma física, Adultos mayores, Satisfacción corporalResumen
Fundamento. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar la fiabilidad y validez del cuestionario SAPF y del pictograma de Stunkard para conocer la forma física autopercibida y el grado de insatisfacción corporal en un grupo de personas mayores españolas.
Método. Ambos instrumentos se adaptaron al castellano y se administraron dos veces a un grupo de 86 personas mayores. Su fiabilidad y validez se evaluaron con el índice de correlación intraclase (CCI), el alfa de Cronbach y el coeficiente rho de Spearman, a partir del nivel de forma física de los participantes y de su índice de masa corporal (IMC). La comparación de las variables con distribución normal se realizó mediante ANOVA.
Resultados. El cuestionario y el pictograma mostraron una buena fiabilidad test-retest (CCI = 0,78 y CCI = 0,8 respectivamente). La puntuación del SAPF y el nivel de forma física mostraron asociación débil (rho = 0,424) y la autopercepción de la propia composición corporal y el IMC, moderadamente fuerte (rho = 0,727). La forma física autopercibida del 59,5 % de la muestra fue normal, del 11,4 % mala y del 29,1 % buena. Solo el 27,06 % se mostró satisfecho con su imagen corporal, el resto mostró su deseo de bajar de peso el equivalente a uno (47,1 %), dos (22,4 %) o tres o más puntos (3,5 %) en el pictograma.
Conclusiones. La adaptación al castellano de los dos instrumentos mostró fiabilidad y validez, permitiendo conocer que gran parte de la muestra se mostró insatisfecha con su imagen corporal, aspecto sobre el que el IMC ejerció una influencia significativa.
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