Actividad física y percepción de bienestar en la universidad: estudio longitudinal durante el covid-19 (Physical activity and perceived well-being at the university: longitudinal study during covid-19)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v50.98968Palabras clave:
Actividad física, ejercicio, sedentarismo, bienestar, factores sociodemográficos (Physical activity, exercise, sedentary behavior, well-being, sociodemographic factors).Resumen
El presente trabajo se propuso establecer la relación entre la actividad física (AF) y el bienestar en dos momentos de un semestre académico en estudiantes y trabajadores de una universidad de la ciudad de Cali, Colombia. Participaron 38 estudiantes y 57 trabajadores, quienes respondieron, en dos momentos diferentes del semestre académico, una encuesta virtual que incluía pre-guntas sociodemográficas, de percepción del bienestar y de actividad física. Los Análisis Factorial Múltiple y de Clúster Jerárqui-co permitieron encontrar una disminución general de AF en la muestra total, con una mayor estabilidad en el tiempo, en la per-cepción de bienestar, no obstante, con diferencias por edad, nivel socioeconómico y estado civil. Además, mostraron que una baja percepción de bienestar suele estar acompañada por bajos niveles de AF, no obstante, mayores niveles de bienestar no nece-sariamente se acompañan de mayores niveles de AF. De acuerdo con los resultados del estudio, se sugiere que la AF y el bienestar presentan una relación indirecta, mediada por variables sociodemográficas, que invitan a una mirada que trascienda la compren-sión del nivel individual de estas variables, para considerar factores sociales y físicos implicados en su expresión.
Palabras clave: Actividad física, ejercicio, sedentarismo, bienestar, factores sociodemográficos.
Abstract. The present study aimed to establish the relationship between physical activity (PA) and well-being among students and employees of a university in the city of Cali, Colombia, during two different moments of an academic semester. Thirty-eight students and 57 employees participated and completed a virtual survey, which included questions on sociodemographic factors, well-being perception, and PA. Multiple Factor Analysis and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis showed a general decrease in physical activity within the total sample over time, while variations were observed in the perception of well-being based on age, socioeconomic level, and marital status. Additionally, the study revealed that low levels of PA were typically associated with a low perception of well-being, but higher levels of well-being did not necessarily correspond to higher levels of PA. Based on these results, it is suggested that the relationship between physical activity and well-being is indirectly influenced by sociodemographic variables. This invites a broader perspective that goes beyond individual-level understanding of these variables and emphasizes the consideration of social and physical factors that contribute to their manifestation.
Keywords: Physical activity, exercise, sedentary behavior, well-being, sociodemographic factors.
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