Efectos de intervenciones sobre las habilidades motoras fundamentales y actividad física en preescolares: Revisión sistemática (Effects of interventions on fundamental motor skills and physical activity in preschoolers: Systematic review)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v48.96549Palabras clave:
niños, programa, habilidades de locomoción, habilidades de control de objeto, asociaciónResumen
Preescolares con mayor desarrollo de habilidades motoras fundamentales (HMF) se relaciona con mayor tiempo en actividad física (AF). Sin embargo, se sabe poco acerca de si la participación después de una intervención provoca cambios positivos en HMF y AF en edad preescolar. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la evidencia publicada sobre la efectividad de intervenciones sobre HMF y AF en preescolares. Se realizaron búsquedas en cuatro bases de datos (Pubmed, Sportsdiscus, Web of Science y Psycinfo). Se incluyeron estudios publicados entre 2017 al 2021. Se incluyó estudios que consideran preescolares (3 a 6 años); diseño de estudio experimentales que implementarán una intervención; evaluar e informar las habilidades motoras fundamentales y actividad física y reportar asociaciones entre habilidades motoras fundamentales y actividad física. Un total de 4 estudios fueron incluidos con fuerte nivel de evidencia que apoya que las intervenciones mejoran las habilidades motoras fundamentales y una mayor participación en actividad física. Un estudio no observó cambios en el grupo experimental en la actividad física. Las intervenciones en preescolares podría ser un enfoque eficaz para mejorar las habilidades motoras fundamentales y actividad física; sin embargo, es necesario completar más estudios con protocolos de intervenciones estandarizados.
Palabras claves: niños, programa, habilidades de locomoción, habilidades de control de objeto, asociación.
Abstract. Preschoolers with greater development of fundamental motor skills (FMS) are related to more time in physical activity (PA). However, little is known about whether participation after an intervention causes positive changes in FMS and PA in preschool age. The objective of this article is to analyze the published evidence on the effectiveness of interventions on FMS and PA in preschool children. Four databases (Pubmed, Sportsdiscus, Web of Science, and Psycinfo) were searched. Studies published between 2017 and 2021 were included. Studies that consider preschool (3 to 6 years) were included; experimental study design that will implement an intervention; assess and report fundamental motor skills and physical activity and report associations between fundamental motor skills and physical activity. A total of 4 studies were included with a strong level of evidence supporting that the interventions improve fundamental motor skills and greater participation in physical activity. One study observed no changes in the experimental group in physical activity. Interventions in preschoolers could be an effective approach to improve fundamental motor skills and physical activity; however, it is necessary to complete more studies with standardized intervention protocols.
Keywords: children; program, skills locomotor, object control, association.
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