Asociación a largo plazo entre la actividad física, el aumento de peso, los factores de riesgo metabólicos y la calidad de vida en pacientes sometidos a cirugía bariátrica – Revisión de la literatura sistemática (Long-term association between physical activity, weight gain, metabolic risk factors and quality of life in patients undergoing bariatric surgery - Systematic Literature Review) (Associação no longo-termo entre a prática de atividade física, o reganho de peso, fatores de risco metabólico e qualidade de vida, em pacientes submetidos a cirurgia bariátrica - Revisão Sistemática da Literatura)

Autores/as

  • Cláudia Amaro dos Santos CRI.COM

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v46.93971

Palabras clave:

cirugía bariátrica, recuperación de peso, factores de riesgo metabólicos, calidad de vida, actividad física

Resumen

Introducción: La actividad física es importante después de una pérdida de peso exitosa, sin embargo, y especialmente en la cirugía bariátrica, la evidencia sugiere que el aumento de peso tiende a aumentar con el aumento del tiempo después de la cirugía bariátrica. El objetivo de este estudio será analizar la literatura publicada sobre la asociación entre la actividad física, el aumento de peso, los factores de riesgo metabólicos y la calidad de vida en pacientes sometidos a cirugía bariátrica. Como objetivo secundario, analizaremos la calidad del sueño y sus asociaciones con las variables anteriores. Método: Se realizó una revisión sistemática rápida, según los estándares PRISMA, en la que se utilizó la base de datos Pubmed. Se consideraron ocho estudios experimentales y observacionales para su inclusión, donde la calidad se consideró buena. Resultados: A pesar de las especificidades metodológicas de los estudios, se encontró que los niveles más altos de práctica de actividad física y se asociaron con menores aumentos de peso y factores de riesgo metabólicos y mayores valores de calidad de vida. Conclusiones: La cirugía bariátrica induce una pérdida de peso significativa en el primer año después de la cirugía, que cuando se ayuda con la práctica de ejercicio físico, se mantiene durante años consecutivos. La práctica de actividad física después de la cirugía bariátrica es un importante predictor en la prevención del aumento de peso después del tratamiento quirúrgico, asociándose con mejoras en otros indicadores de salud.

Resumo. Introdução: A atividade física é importante após uma perda de peso bem-sucedida, no entanto, e sobretudo em cirurgia bariátrica, as evidências sugerem que há reganho de peso com o aumento de tempo após a cirurgia bariátrica. O objetivo do presente estudo será analisar literatura publicada sobre a associação entre a atividade física, o reganho de peso, os fatores de risco metabólico e a qualidade de vida nos pacientes submetidos a cirurgia bariátrica. Método: Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática rápida, de acordo com as normas PRISMA, em que foi utilizada a base de dados Pubmed. Foram considerados para inclusão oito estudos experimentais e observacionais, onde a qualidade foi considerada boad. Resultados: Apesar das especificidades metodológicas dos estudos, verificou-se que maiores níveis de prática de atividade física estavam associados a menores reganhos de peso e fatores de risco metabólico e a valores mais elevados de qualidade de vida. Conclusões: A cirurgia bariátrica induz uma perda de peso significativa no primeiro ano pós cirurgia, que quando coadjuvada com a prática de exercício físico, se mantém nos anos consequentes. A prática de atividade física após cirurgia bariátrica é um preditor importante na prevenção do reganho de peso após o tratamento cirúrgico, estando associada a melhorias noutros indicadores de saúde.

Summary. Introduction: Physical activity is important after a successful weight loss, however, and especially in bariatric surgery, evidence suggests that weight regain tends to increase with increasing time after bariatric surgery. The aim of this study will be to analyze published literature on the association between physical activity, weight regain, metabolic risk factors and quality of life in patients undergoing bariatric surgery. As a secondary objective, we will analyze the quality of sleep and its associations with the variables above. Method: A rapid systematic review was carried out, according to PRISMA standards, in which the Pubmed database was used. Eight experimental and observational studies were considered for inclusion, where quality was considered good. Results: Despite the methodological specificities of the studies, it was found that higher levels of physical activity were associated with lower weight gain and metabolic risk factors and higher quality of life values. Conclusions: Bariatric surgery induces a significant weight loss in the first year after surgery, which when is accompanied by physical exercise, is maintained for consecutive years. Physical activity after bariatric surgery is an important predictor in the prevention of weight regain after surgical treatment, being associated with improvements in other health indicators.

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Publicado

2022-09-28

Cómo citar

Santos, C. A. dos. (2022). Asociación a largo plazo entre la actividad física, el aumento de peso, los factores de riesgo metabólicos y la calidad de vida en pacientes sometidos a cirugía bariátrica – Revisión de la literatura sistemática (Long-term association between physical activity, weight gain, metabolic risk factors and quality of life in patients undergoing bariatric surgery - Systematic Literature Review) (Associação no longo-termo entre a prática de atividade física, o reganho de peso, fatores de risco metabólico e qualidade de vida, em pacientes submetidos a cirurgia bariátrica - Revisão Sistemática da Literatura). Retos, 46, 622–630. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v46.93971

Número

Sección

Revisiones teóricas, sistemáticas y/o metaanálisis