Efectos de un abordaje multidisciplinario sobre las respuestas antropométricas y de composición corporal de adolescentes obesos (Effects of a multidisciplinary approach on the anthropometric and body composition responses of obese adolescents)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v46.93066Resumen
Introducción: El sedentarismo en la adolescencia, combinado con hábitos alimentarios poco saludables, conduce a la acumulación de grasa corporal y al desarrollo de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT). Objetivo: Investigar los efectos del proyecto multidisciplinario en las respuestas antropométricas y de composición corporal de adolescentes con obesidad y comparar las respuestas de intervención según género. Métodos: se evaluaron 48 adolescentes de 12 a 17 años: [varones (n = 19) y mujeres: (n = 29)]. Se midieron masa corporal, altura, circunferencia de la cintura, circunferencia de la cadera, circunferencia del cuello y circunferencia del brazo, y relación cintura-cadera (RCC). Se calcularon el índice de masa corporal (IMC), z-score, porcentaje de grasa corporal (GC%), masa grasa (MG), masa magra (MM), masa libre de grasa (MLG), masa muscular esquelética (MME) y grasa visceral. La composición corporal se evaluó mediante impedancia bioeléctrica InBody 570®. Los datos se compararon mediante prueba t emparejada (comparación entre pre y post intervenciones entre los adolescentes) y ANOVA bidireccional (comparación entre género en pre y post intervenciones), ambos asumiendo pd»0.05. Resultados: Se identificó un efecto temporal con reducciones significativas de la masa corporal, circunferencia de la cintura, cadera, IMC, z-score, GC%, MG y grasa visceral en el período post-intervención (p<0,05). Sin embargo, no se identificaron diferencias significativas para circunferencia del brazo y cuello, MM, MLG, MME y RCC (p>0,05) después del período de intervención. Conclusión: Las intervenciones multiprofesionales fueron efectivas para mejorar los aspectos antropométricos y la composición corporal de adolescentes y adolescentes. Sin embargo, no se observaron diferencias entre entonces
Abstract. Introduction: The sedentary lifestyle in adolescence, combined with unhealthy eating habits, leads to the accumulation of body fat and the development of non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs). Objective: To investigate the effects of the multidisciplinary project on the anthropometric and body composition responses of adolescents with obesity and to compare the intervention responses according to gender. Methods: forty-eight adolescents aged 12-17 years old were evaluated: [male (n = 19) and female: (n = 29)]. Body mass, height, waist (WC), hip (HC), neck (NC), arm (AC), circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were measured. Body mass index (BMI), BMI z-score, body fat percentage (BF%), fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM), fat-free mass (FFM), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), and visceral fat were evaluated. Body composition was assessed via bioelectrical impedance InBody 570®. Data were compared via paired t-test (comparison between pre- and post-intervention between the adolescents) and a two analysis of variance (ANOVA): comparison between gender in pre- and post-interventions), both assuming pd»0.05 was performed. Results: A time effect was identified with significant reductions in body mass, WC, HC, BMI, BMI z-score, BF%, FM, and visceral fat in the post-intervention period (p<0.05). However, no significant differences were identified for NC, AC, LM, FFM, SMM, and WHR (p>0.05) after the intervention. Conclusion: Multiprofessional interventions effectively improved male and female adolescents’ anthropometric aspects and body composition. However, no differences were observed between them.
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