Transporte activo: distancia entre el hogar y la escuela (Active transportation: distance between home and school)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v44i0.90499Palabras clave:
caminata, percepción de distancia, niños, instituciones académicas, actividad física, (walking, distance perception, child, schools, physical activity (MeSH))Resumen
La distancia hacia la escuela es el principal predictor del tipo de transporte que utilicen los escolares durante su desplazamiento a la institución educativa. El objetivo de este estudio es establecer la relación entre el trasporte activo y la distancia desde el hogar al centro educativo en población estudiantil en la región caribe colombiana. El diseño es de corte transversal en 3067 escolares de básica primaria matriculados en los grados de primero a quinto; se aplicó una encuesta a los padres de familia que midió el tipo de transporte hacia el colegio, la distancia entre la casa y la escuela, al tiempo que destina cada niño durante este recorrido, la existencia de vehículos en el hogar. Se consideró transporte activo al colegio, el desplazamiento en bicicleta y caminando. El 51.3% de los escolares usa un transporte activo para desplazarse de la casa al colegio, el 36.5% reside a una distancian mayor a 1,5 km de la escuela. Es mayor la probabilidad de usar transporte pasivo en distancias mayores a 1500 metros [OR=1,55 (IC 95% 1.34-1.8)]; en recorridos mayores de 15 minutos [OR=1.25 (IC 95% 1.1-1.45)]; y cuando en la familia se tiene vehículo [OR=4.04 (IC 95% 3.4-4.7)]. El transporte activo en la etapa escolar se relaciona con la distancia que se recorre para trasladarse del hogar a la escuela diariamente. Estos resultados contribuyen a diseñar intervenciones intersectoriales e interdisciplinares que incrementen los desplazamientos de los niños hacia modos activos.
Abstract. Distance to school is the main predictor of the type of transport used by schoolchildren during their trip to the educational institution. The objective of this study was to establish the relationship between active transportation and the distance from home to the educational center in the student population in the Colombian Caribbean region. The design is cross-sectional in 3,067 elementary school students enrolled in grades one through five; a survey was applied to parents that measured the type of transportation to the school, the distance between the house and the school, the time each child spends during this journey, the existence of vehicles in the home. Active transportation to school, cycling, and walking were considered. 51.3% of schoolchildren use active transportation to get from home to school, 36.5% live at a distance greater than 1.5 km from the school. The probability of using motorized transport over distances greater than 1500 meters is greater [OR = 1.55 (95% CI 1.34-1.8)]; in runs longer than 15 minutes [OR = 1.25 (95% CI 1.1-1.45)]; and when the family has a vehicle [OR = 4.04 (95% CI 3.4-4.7)]. Active transportation in the school stage is related to the distance traveled to get from home to school daily. These results contribute to designing intersectoral and interdisciplinary interventions that increase children's movements towards active modes.
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Derechos de autor 2021 Yisel Pinillos-Patiño, Yaneth Herazo-Beltrán, Ronald Tocora-Andrade, José Aramendiz-Mejía, Yohan Botello-Montero, José Vilardy-Armenta, Rafael Bravo-Córdoba
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