Uso de sustancias ergogénicas entre hombres mexicanos practicantes de musculación: un estudio transversal (Use of ergogenic substances among in Mexican men that engage in weight training: a cross-sectional study)

Autores/as

  • Georgina Alvarez-Rayón Grupo de Investigación en Nutrición, FES-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
  • Jaime García-Rodríguez Especialidad en Medicina del Deporte, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional
  • Fanny Martínez-Quintero Especialidad en Medicina del Deporte, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional
  • Consuelo Escoto Ponce de León Departamento de Psicología, Centro Universitario UAEM Ecatepec, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México
  • Mayaro Ortega-Luyando Grupo de Investigación en Nutrición, FES-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v46.89712

Palabras clave:

masa muscular, suplementos deportivos, esteroides anabólicos androgénicos, rendimiento físico, ejercicio, dopaje, nutrición deportiva

Resumen

Introducción: Existe escasa literatura acerca del uso de sustancias ergogénicas entre fisicoculturistas recreativos o amateurs. Por tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar las sustancias ergogénicas (nutricionales, farmacológicas u hormonales) consumidas por varones practicantes de musculación. Metodología: Este estudio no experimental responde a un diseño transversal con alcance descriptivo. Participaron 103 usuarios de sustancias ergogénicas (edad promedio = 25.3, desviación estándar = 6.2), de quienes fue calculado el índice de masa libre de grasa, además de completar un cuestionario sobre patrones de entrenamiento y uso de sustancias ergogénicas. Resultados: El 43.7% tuvo musculatura mayor a la normal; además, 85.3% usó al menos una sustancia ergogénica nutricional, 22.4% farmacológica, 19.4% hormonal y 2.9% de los tres tipos. En quienes usaron sustancias ergogénicas hormonales (80% con musculatura mayor a la normal), destacó el consumo de testosterona; de las nutricionales: proteínas y creatina; y de las farmacológicas: clembuterol. Discusión y conclusiones: El uso de sustancias ergogénicas no es exclusivo de los deportistas de élite y el patrón de uso no solo se caracterizó por la polifarmacia, sino además por el consumo de fórmulas complejas que, sumados a otros productos/sustancias, no solo suponen interacción entre efectos, sino también su reiteración. Dado el acelerado desarrollo de la industria farmacéutica, es necesario el continuo análisis del uso de sustancias ergogénicas entre diferentes grupos poblacionales, y así poder definir su relevancia clínica.

Abstract. Introduction: There is scarce literature on the use of ergogenic substances among recreational or amateur bodybuilders. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize the ergogenic substances (nutritional, pharmacological or hormonal) consumed by males that engage in weight training. Methodology: This non-experimental study responds to a cross-sectional design with a descriptive scope. A total of 103 ergogenic substances users (mean age = 25.3, standard deviation = 6.2) participated, and their fat-free mass index was calculated, in addition to completing a questionnaire on training patterns and ergogenic substances use. Results: A total of 43.7% had musculature greater than normal; in addition, 85.3% used at least one nutritional ergogenic substance, 22.4% pharmacological, 19.4% hormonal and 2.9% of the three types. Among those who used hormonal ergogenic substances (80% with musculature greater than normal), the consumption of testosterone stood out; of the nutritional ones: proteins and creatine; and of the pharmacological ones: clenbuterol. Discussion and conclusions: The use of ergogenic substances is not exclusive to elite athletes and the pattern of use was not only characterized by polypharmacy, but also by the consumption of complex formulas which, added to other products/substances, not only imply interaction between effects, but also their reiteration. Given the accelerated development of the pharmaceutical industry, a continuous analysis of the use of ergogenic substances among different population groups is necessary to define their clinical relevance.

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Publicado

2022-09-28

Cómo citar

Alvarez-Rayón, G., García-Rodríguez, J., Martínez-Quintero, F., Escoto Ponce de León, C., & Ortega-Luyando, M. (2022). Uso de sustancias ergogénicas entre hombres mexicanos practicantes de musculación: un estudio transversal (Use of ergogenic substances among in Mexican men that engage in weight training: a cross-sectional study). Retos, 46, 801–808. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v46.89712

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Artículos de carácter científico: trabajos de investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas