Desenvolvimento de carreiras e perceção de fatores para a excelência do árbitro de futebol em Portugal (Desarrollo profesional y percepción de factores a la excelencia del árbitro de fútbol en Portugal) (Career development and perception of factors to the

Autores/as

  • Sérgio Miguel Cardoso Mendes Universidade Beira Interior
  • Bruno Travassos
  • Ema Patrícia Oliveira

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v37i37.74350

Palabras clave:

árbitros de futebol, carreira, excelência, transições, dupla carreira (árbitros de fútbol, carrera, excelencia, transiciones, doble carrera) career, dual career, excellence, football referees, transitions)

Resumen

Resumo. O processo formativo de um árbitro é longo, complexo e seletivo. Só um número reduzido de indivíduos atinge um patamar excelência que possibilita a direção de jogos nas grandes competições internacionais. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar a carreira e o percurso dos árbitros portugueses de futebol que atingiram o nível de excelência e verificar as suas perceções sobre os fatores que estiveram na sua origem. Foram realizadas cinco entrevistas semiestruturadas junto de árbitros e ex-árbitros de futebol. Quatro deles atingiram a categoria de árbitro internacional de futebol e um deles, após ter abandonado a carreira de árbitro de futebol, atingiu a categoria de internacional no futsal. Foi adotado um design retrospetivo transversal. Após a recolha de dados procedeu-se a uma análise de conteúdo indutiva tendo emergido uma variedade de fatores pessoais e ambientais comuns a todos os participantes. Nos primeiros incluem-se os elementos de cariz: cognitivo, como o conhecimento do jogo, físicos, como a resistência ou a recuperação a fadiga, e psicológico, como a capacidade de regulação emocional. Nos fatores contextuais inserem-se, entre outros, a origem geográfica, a rede pessoal e institucional de apoio e o desenvolvimento de carreiras paralelas, como a académica ou a profissional. Os resultados sugerem que: 1) a carreira dos árbitros de futebol é marcada por quatro etapas distintas; 2) é possível identificar as exigências que definem a carreira de árbitros de futebol de excelência; 3) tendo por base as exigências identificadas, será possível melhorar o processo de formação e seleção dos árbitros de futebol.


Resumen. La excelencia en el arbitraje del fútbol es un objetivo buscado apenas por un número reducido de árbitros. Para que un árbitro alcance este pedestal se enfrenta a una variedad de exigencias, dentro y fuera del campo, y supera innumerables etapas en una carrera con dos o tres décadas aproximadamente. Este estudio ha tenido como objetivo identificar, por un lado, la carrera y el trayecto de los árbitros de fútbol portugueses que consiguieron el nivel de excelencia y por otro verificar sus percepciones sobre los factores que les permitieron alcanzar este pedestal. Se realizaron cinco entrevistas semiestructuradas, adoptando un diseño retrospectivo trasversal, a árbitros y ex árbitros de fútbol que consiguieron la categoría de internacional de fútbol o de fútbol sala. Después de recoger los datos se procedió a un análisis inductivo y así emergieron una variedad de factores personales y ambientales comunes a todos los participantes. En los primeros se incluyen los elementos de carácter cognitivo, como el conocimiento del juego, físico y psicológico, como la capacidad de regulación emocional. En los factores contextuales se incluyen, entre otros, el origen geográfico, la red personal e institucional de apoyo y el desarrollo de carreras paralelas, como la académica o la profesional. Los resultados de la investigación: 1) Sugieren el dinamismo de la carrera de los árbitros de fútbol, a través de la influencia de los factores referidos, marcados por la exigencia de cuatro etapas distintas; 2) Permite una mejor caracterización de las exigencias que definen la carrera de un árbitro de fútbol; 3) Permiten ayudar a ajustar a las entidades que gestionan el arbitraje nacional el proceso de formación y selección de los árbitros de fútbol.


Abstract. The excellence in soccer refereeing is a goal attained only by a small number of referees. For a referee to reach this level, he challenges several demands, both in and out of the field, and overcomes some stages in a career spanning approximately two to three decades. This study aimed to identify the career and the path/development of the Portuguese soccer referees who reached the level of excellence and assess their perceptions about the determinant/decisive factors to reach that level. Five semi-structured interviews were conducted with referees and former soccer referees who reached the international category, in football or futsal, using a transverse retrospective design. After finishing the data collection, an inductive analysis was carried out and a several personal and environmental common factors were identified. A list of these include: cognitive elements as the game’s knowledge/laws of the game knowledge, physical elements, as endurance, recovery and tiredness, and psychological elements, as the ability/skill of emotional regulation. In the context factors are included, among others, region/place of origin, personal and institutional network of support and the development of parallel careers, such as academic or professional. The results suggest/state: 1) the presence of four different stages in a football referee career; 2) allow a better characterization of the requirements that define excellence in the context of a football referee career; 3) allow national entities, responsible for the selection and training of football referees, to improve their processes/methods.

Biografía del autor/a

Sérgio Miguel Cardoso Mendes, Universidade Beira Interior

Departamento de Psicologia e Educação - doutorando em Educação

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Publicado

2020-01-01

Cómo citar

Cardoso Mendes, S. M., Travassos, B., & Oliveira, E. P. (2020). Desenvolvimento de carreiras e perceção de fatores para a excelência do árbitro de futebol em Portugal (Desarrollo profesional y percepción de factores a la excelencia del árbitro de fútbol en Portugal) (Career development and perception of factors to the. Retos, 37, 694–701. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v37i37.74350

Número

Sección

Monográfico XIX Jornadas da SPPD. Araújo, Teques, Carvalho e Duarte