Análisis de las demandas de Sprint en competición por puestos específicos en el rugby 7 femenino (Analysis of the Sprint demands during competition by playing positions in women’s rugby 7)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i39.74075Palabras clave:
Velocidad máxima, puestos específicos, competición, GPS, Maximum speed, playing positions, competition, (Maximum speed, playing positions, competition, GPS)Resumen
Resumen. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar las manifestaciones de sprint, la capacidad de repetir sprint y las posibles diferencias entre los periodos de juego de jugadoras de rugby 7, teniendo en cuenta su puesto específico de juego. Fueron monitorizadas 21 jugadoras (edad 21.2 ± 2.4) agrupadas por puestos específicos: delanteras (n=9; 166.3 ± 12.6 cm; 65.4 ± 7.2 kg) y línea ¾ (n=12; 163.4 ± 9.8cm; 61.7 ± 4.1 kg) en torneos de competición oficial, utilizando un sistema de posicionamiento global (GPS). Para determinar un sprint se consideró umbral individualizado del 61% de la velocidad máxima de cada jugadora. Los resultados muestran que existen diferencias significativas al analizar los grupos de jugadoras (p <.05), en la velocidad máxima (27.0 ± 2.10 vs 24.7 ±1.65), en velocidad máxima en competición (25.9 ± 2.34 vs 21.9 ± 2.59), umbral de sprint (16.4 ± 1.29 vs 15.0 ± 1.0), número de sprint (6.83 ± 1.88 vs 4.54 ± 1.44), distancia recorrida a sprint (166.0 ± 15.64 vs 135 ± 13.94) y sprint repetidos (1.82 ± .76 vs 1.11 ± .31). Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre ambos periodos de juego (p <.05), observándose una disminución considerable en el segundo tiempo de la velocidad máxima en competición, el número de sprints, distancia recorrida a sprint y sprints repetidos. Podemos concluir que el uso de umbrales relativos incrementa el registro del número de sprint. Las diferencias por puestos específicos puede ayudarnos a una mejor comprensión de las demandas de competición y optimizar la planificación del entrenamiento.
Abstract. The aim of this study is to analyze sprint demands, the ability to repeat sprints and the possible differences between the playing periods of rugby-7 players, considering their playing position. A total of 21 players (age 21.2 ± 2.4) grouped by specific positions (forwards: n = 9; 166.3 ± 12.6 cm; 65.4 ± 7.2 kg; and backs :n = 12; 163.4 ± 9.8cm; 61.7 ± 4.1 kg) were monitored in official competition tournaments, using a global positioning system (GPS). To determine a sprint, an individual threshold of 61% of the maximum speed of each player was considered. The results show that, when analyzing the group of players (p <.05), there are significant differences in the maximum speed (27.0 ± 2.10 vs 24.7 ± 1.65), in maximum speed in competition (25.9 ± 2.34 vs 21.9 ± 2.59), threshold of sprint (16.4 ± 1.29 vs 15.0 ± 1.0), sprint number (6.83 ± 1.88 vs 4.54 ± 1.44), distance traveled to sprint (166.0 ± 15.64 vs 135 ± 13.94), and repeated sprint (1.82 ± .76 vs. 1.11 ± .31). Significant differences were found between both periods of play (p <.05), observing a considerable decrease of the maximum speed in competition, the number of sprints, distance traveled to sprints, and repeated sprints during the second half. The use of relative thresholds increases the number of sprints. The differences in playing positions can help us to better understand the demands of competition and optimize training planning.
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