Efectos de la auto-selección del foco de atención durante el aprendizaje de una tarea de control postural (Effect of self-selection of the attentional focus during a postural control task learning)

Autores/as

  • Brenda Arce-Cifuentes
  • Alejandro Bas-Cerdá
  • Xavier Garcia-Masso Departamento de Didáctica de la Expresión Musical, Plástica y Corporal. Universidad de Valéncia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v37i37.70875

Palabras clave:

Auto-selección, Control postural, Foco de atención, aprendizaje motor, equilibrio (Self-selection, Postural control, Attentional focus, motor learning, balance)

Resumen

El objetivo principal de este estudio es analizar el efecto de la auto-selección del foco de atención sobre el aprendizaje de una tarea motriz. Cuarenta participantes se distribuyeron en cuatro grupos en función del foco de atención (en la tarea motriz o cognitiva) y la selección del foco (auto-selección o imposición). Todos los sujetos realizaron un pre-test, práctica, post-test y retención (24 horas después). Durante los test solo realizaron una tarea de equilibrio sobre una plataforma que generaba inestabilidad en el eje medio-lateral. Sin embargo, durante la práctica todos realizaron la tarea de equilibrio junto con una tarea cognitiva de memoria de trabajo. El grupo centrado en la tarea cognitiva (impuesto) mostró una mejora de todas las variables de la tarea motriz en la retención. La conclusión de este estudio es que la imposición del foco de atención sobre la tarea cognitiva favorece el aprendizaje motriz de una tarea de equilibrio.


Abstract. The main aim of this study is to analyse the impact of the self-selection of the focus of attention on the learning of a motor task. Forty participants were divided into four groups according to focus of attention (focused on motor or cognitive tasks) and focus selection (self-selection or imposition). All subjects performed a pre-test, practice, post-test, and retention (24 hours later). During tests, participants performed the postural task on a balance platform with instability in the medio-lateral direction. However, during practices they all carried out the same postural task, together with a backward span digit test. The group which focused on the cognitive task (imposed) showed improvements in all variables at retention. As a conclusion, imposing the focus of attention in cognitive tasks favours motor learning.

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Publicado

2020-01-01

Cómo citar

Arce-Cifuentes, B., Bas-Cerdá, A., & Garcia-Masso, X. (2020). Efectos de la auto-selección del foco de atención durante el aprendizaje de una tarea de control postural (Effect of self-selection of the attentional focus during a postural control task learning). Retos, 37, 93–99. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v37i37.70875

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Sección

Artículos de carácter científico: trabajos de investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas